310 



Then, in noting the earliest reference to Ironbark I can put my hands on, it is 

 to be noted that Gum-tree was synonymous with Eucalyptus, and that Ironbark was 

 deemed (correctly) to be a form of Gum. Here we have an undoubted case of the use 

 of the bark as a term in classification — " A species of Gum-tree, the bark of which on 

 the trunk is that of the Ironbark of Port Jackson." See G. Barrington's, " History of 

 New South Wales," p. 263 (1802). Then Allan Cunningham in 1817 uses it in connection 

 ^\^th E. sideroxijlon. See Part XII, p. 82 of the present work. " Ironbark " is 

 mentioned in Trans. Linn. Soc, xv, 260 (1827). 



Although there is a reference in the very earliest days of settlement to the Port 

 Jackson timbers reminding the early settlers of Box {Buxus) because of their hardness, 

 I cannot trace a very early record of the definite use of the term " Box " as so applied. 

 In any case, the use of the term did not apply to the bark. Allan Cunningham, in his 

 MSS. dated 1817, speaks of " Bastard Box," and this is repeated in Oxley, p. 126 (1820). 



Nor was the use of the term " Apple " one borrowed from the bark; it referred 

 to the general appearance of the tree, and, while probably first applied to Angophora 

 intermedia was certamly p.pplied to certain straggly, more or less bushy Eucalypts. 

 In Oxlev's work, 1820, p. 276, he speaks of " That species of Eucalyptus vulgarly called 

 the Apple-tree." In Leichhardt's " Overland Expedition, etc.," p. 264 (1847), and 

 in other pages, he speaks of " Apple Gum." 



I do not know what is the earliest use of the term " Bloodwood," but I find 

 the term " Blood-tree " (for the same thing, but now obsolete) in Trans. Linn. Soc, 

 XV, 271 (1827), where such trees are given the aboriginal name of Mun-ning (probably 

 E. corymbosa is meant), and they are stated to be the home of the Banksian Cockatoo. 

 Here again the name does not refer to the bark. 



An early reference to the " Cider Gum " {E. Gunnii) I find in Ross's "Hobart 

 Town Almanack," 1830, p. 119.. 



Then we come to " Blackbutted Gum," Peter Cunningham's " Two Years in 

 Australia," i, 187 (1827), in Sturt's " Southern Australia," ii, 236 (1833), and to 

 " Blackbutt," Leichhardt's " Overland Expedition," p. 49 (1847). It was first applied 

 to trees with dark, fibrous barks, which well covered the butts, but when applied to 

 interior situations (the .first use is by Sturt), and in the Goldfields of Western Australia, 

 it means a Gum, with more or less flaky, hard, deciduous, bark, reaching not very far 

 up the butt. 



The term " Mountain Gum " was first used, so far as I know, by C. Sturt in 

 " Southern Australia," iii, 118 (1833). It is one of those local names, very widely 

 used, which have caused a great deal of confusion. 



Then in Leichhardt's " Overland Expedition to Port Essington " (1847) we 

 have (so far as I know) the earliest references to — 



1. " Moreton Bay Ash" {E. tessellaris). 



2. " Flooded Gum," p. 7. This is E. grandis (and to a less degree E, saligna), 



and is a reference to the moist situations such trees prefer. 



