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a congenial shore, perhaps after tortuous and devious journey- 

 ings, and form the basis of a new colony. This is well shown in 

 the first illustration, where a number of these plants may be seen 

 in the hypocotyl stage. To the left is a young one firmly attached 

 to the soil and beginning to grow, while in other parts of the 

 picture will be found other plants in various stages of develop- 

 ment. This colony increases until a condition represented in the 

 second picture is reached. Here we see the network of roots, 



P"lG. 3. Interior of a mangrove swamp, showing interlacing roots. 



to which reference will again be made, and also the long gaunt 

 roots descending from the spreading branches. It is these 

 descending roots which extend the zone of the mangrove further 

 and further into the water. Imagine this process to have con- 

 tinued for a number of years, then let us enter one of these 

 mangrove swamps, and we would see before us a vast tangle of 

 arching and interlacing roots, as represented in the third illus- 

 tration, the surface of this entangled mass being two to three or 



