forms so far mentioned. For example, the depth frequented by genus 

 Polyipnus Giinther probably ranges from 371 to 1,200 m, while a spec- 

 iment of Argyropelecus affinis Garmann, another representative of 

 that family, was caught at a depth of 1,900 m, with a sea-floor of 

 3,396 m. Hence, these two families may be regarded as typical deep-sea 

 forms. 



Group 2 from the Jaslo shales contains fishes whose ecological 

 requirements are more uniform. The Clupeidae occur in both deep- 

 and shallow-sea waters, and even off-shore. The Gonostidae are re- 

 presented in the Jaslo shales from Sobniow by a genus having no 

 corresponding living forms. Other genera of this family, however, do 

 occur in the Atlantic, the Indian, and the Pacific Oceans, also in the 

 Mediterranean Sea (Norman 1930). 



In group 3, the Cottidae display highly disparate ecological forms. 

 Owing, however, to lack of reliable systematic assignments of the fossil 

 forms, their ecology is still a blank. The only sound indication is pro- 

 vided by their predatory mode of life; since they preyed on the Clu- 

 peidae, it is very likely that they lived in similar conditions. The same 

 is most probably true of the genus Sarda Cuv, a predatory form well 

 known in the recent ichthyofauna. Equula Cuv., the last of the gen- 

 era referred to above at present inhabits off-shore regions, occasionally 

 even flows upstream into river estuaries (Giinther 1860). Since how- 

 ever, only a single specimen is available in the Sobniow material, this 

 form should be regarded as a purely incidental element. 



It is, unfortunately, impossible to clarify the stratigraphy of the 

 Jaslo shales on the basis of their ichthyofauna. Most of the Sobniow 

 forms represent groups either inadequately known in the fossil state 

 (Gonostomidae, Sternoptychidae, Cottidae), or such as the Myctophidae 

 which have been previously described mainly from the Miocene (Aram- 

 bourg, 1925, 1927), (David 1943). Clupea sardinites Heck., commonly 

 regarded as Oligocene in age (Weiler 1932); (Pauca 1943), is the only 

 form in our material with a wide paleogeographic range and an im- 

 portant stratigraphic value. It is encountered in menilitic shales as well 

 as in the Jaslo and the disodil shales. In view of the marked interest 

 shown in geological literature concerning the mutual relations of the 

 Jaslo and the menilitic shales, these deposits should be compared on 

 the bases of existing ichthyofauna descriptions. 



No up-to-date descriptions of fish remains from menilites in the 

 Flysch of the Polish Carpathians are available, but the writer's field 

 studies and a revision of her earlier systematic assignments permit her 

 to determine the striking differences between the ichthyofauna from 

 the Jaslo shales and that from the menilite shales. These differences 



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