AND THEIR REMAINS. PIERS. 113 



Adzes or "celts" are common, in fact with the exception of 

 arrow-heads are the most abundant relics found. They are 

 nearly all unmistakable adzes, with one side more or less 

 flattened, and intended for a drawing-cut with the edge at a 

 right angle to the haft. It is this marked prevalence of the 

 adze that leads me to believe that these are largely the remains 

 of an earlier occupancy of the country by Eskimo, the more 

 typical Algonquian (Micmac) implement, the true grooved-axe, 

 being very rare, and indicating a briefer occupancy by the 

 latter tribe. Fuller particulars on this subject will be found 

 in my paper, "Relics of the Stone Age in ISTova Scotia," Trans. 

 N. S. Inst. Sc, vol. ix, pp. 36 e^ seq. These adzes are mostly 

 more or less slender, although some are only about twice as 

 long as broad. K^early all are neatly and systematically formed 

 from pecked and polished stone, such as quartzite, hard slate, 

 etc., while one is of sandstone. A few" are very roughly chipped 

 into form, somewhat palaeolithic in appearance, but may not 

 have been completed. 



I can find nothing that I would care to strictly designate 

 a chisel. 



Gouges are common, and are formed of similar material to 

 that of the adzes, into which they somewhat intergrade. In 

 some the groove is almost indistinguishable, and is confined 

 to the vicinity of the cutting edge. Others have a well defined, 

 deep groove extending about half the length, and others have 

 a deep groove extending the whole length. The last seems to 

 be a distinct implement from the others. Gouges are somewhat 

 adze-like in side outline, and those Avith the groove extending 

 half the length were undoubtedly hafted as adzes. 



Grooved axes, as before mentioned, are rare in ISTova Scotia. 

 The Patterson collection contains only one specimen, while 

 there are ten in the Provincial Museum (namely, two in the 

 general collection, six in the DesBrisay collection, and two in 

 the Fairbanks collection). One of those in the Museum is 



