rOOED — ON ENGLISH GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY. 43 



tiger, and other tropical mammalia, not only indicating a warmer 

 climate, but also suggesting the idea that these creatures must have 

 found their way from the continent by means of an isthmus, which 

 at that time may have united the neighbouring shores. 



Subjoined is a list of fossils, and other specimens, from the 

 chalk, collected principally near Ramsgate, in illustration of this 

 paper. 



Ananchytes ovatus. 

 Diadema ornatum. 

 Pecten nitidus. 

 ,14 \ Terebratula subrotunda. 

 ^ Galerites albo-o^alerus. 



<^ Yentriculitas in flint, (with Pyrites) and Selenite sulphate 

 p^ of lime. 



t) / Spongia. 



Micraster, cor-anguinum, (in Chalk.) 



Ditto, (in flint.) 

 Scales of Beryx ornatus (?) 



At Pegwell Bay, the chalk thins out and finally disappears on 

 approaching a low lying tract at the mouth of a small river called 

 the Stour. The Thanet sand, a fine soft light colored sand, (the 

 lowest member of the Tertiary or Eocene group,) here resting on 

 the chalk, commences just below the surface soil ; it is much 

 crumbled by the sea, the debris being scattered about the beach. 



Some of these masses hardened by exposure, act as natural 

 breakwaters. 



In many places, one finds in walking along the edge of the cliff, 

 that the footpath has been remade several yards further inland, in 

 consequence of large portions of the cliff having fallen in, and been 

 rapidly washed away by the sea. In some parts of the cliff, close 

 to the village of Pegwell, it has become necessary to build up the 

 chalk with brick-work in order to prevent its further destruction. 



Miniature landslips are very frequent, both of the chalk and the 

 Thanet sand, dragging with them small trees and bushes growing 

 on the edge of the cliff, strewing the shore with roots and soil. 



Having ascertained that the coast line from Heme Bay (a 



