bodies, because during chemical operations their 

 organized structure is destroyed and then produce 

 mixed bodies. In this way, all that is produced 

 from the animal and plant bodies by nature or art 

 constitutes mixed bodies, or chemical materials. 



These brief extracts show the way Russian sciences advanced 

 and how scientific work developed from the middle of the 

 eighteenth century. 



K. F. Wolff was considered one of the brilliant repre- 

 sentatives of Russian science during Lomonosov's epoch. 

 Although tributes to Lomonosov's traditions in the Petersburg 

 Academy of Science were counteracted by some foreigners, 

 Lomonosov's ideas had become rooted deeply in Russian public 

 opinion of that time. The consequence of this negative feeling 

 was the cautious selection of foreign scientists. Preference 

 was given to those who were determined to explore new ideas 

 in Russia permanently. K.F. Wolff unquestionably satisfied 

 these conditions. 



Wolff's dissertation, "Theoria generationis, " and the 

 popular statements of its underlying principles in a German 

 book of the same name, came prior to his move to Russia in 

 1767. At the Petersburg Academy of Science, Wolff continued 

 to work out embryological problems. From 1766 to 1768, he 

 published in Russia his vast memoirs "About the formation of 

 the intestine,'' which had almost the same significance as 

 his above-mentioned works. 



After this, Wolff turned to the study of monsters, 

 using the teratological collection of the Kunstkamera and 

 carrying out extremely thorough investigation of the 

 materials collected there. He published only three works 

 on this subject. The greater part of his description, 

 together with the theoretical considerations concerning 

 human and animal monsters remained unpublished. Only recently, 

 a part of these manuscripts was published, in extracts, by 

 B. E. Raikov. 18 



17. Ibid ., p. 214. 



18. B. E. Raikov, OCHERKI PO ISTCRII EVOLYUTSIONNOI 



I DEI V ROSS 1 1 DO DARVINA (Essays on the history of 

 evolutionary ideas in Russia before Darwin) (Moscow: 

 Akademii nauk, 1947), pp. 46 - 94. 



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