With similar arbitrary and imaginary analogies, 

 Vellanskii gave an entirely speculative analogy between the 

 skeletal elements of the arms and legs. 15 He also stated the 

 basics of the vertebral theory of the skull: "The elementary 

 form of bones is the vertebra . . , and the entire bone 

 system is composed of one vertebra, in different variations. 

 Each head has one vertebra, and three vertebrae: ear, tongue, 

 and eye constitute the skull, and the nose enters into the 

 composition of the face. "16 



Vellanskii' s physiological imaginings are also based 

 on Naturphilosophie, in particular on the principle of 

 polarity. 



Levin, in an article on Vellanskii, said the following: 

 "The scanty source of physiological data in his time did 

 not hinder him from giving himself over to real, frenzied 

 reflection." 1 ? That this is not an exaggeration is evidenced 

 by the following: "The nourishing juice (chyle) moves in the 

 lymphatic vessels by polar tension between the lungs and 

 intestines, and rushes from the intestines to the lungs as 

 a result of the nutritional juice, which is composed of 

 hydrogenated carbon and is of different polarity than the 

 lungs which contain oxidated nitrogen .... From the 

 opposite, due to its oxidized constitution which is of the 

 same polarity as the lungs, the nourishing juice is pushed 

 off by the lungs and passes downwards into the large intes- 



tine. 



..18 



It is not surprising that Ivan Pavlov, head of the 

 Department of Physiology of the Military Medical (previously 

 the Medical-Surgical) Academy, in which Vellanskii had never 

 been, spoke of him in a mocking manner, Thus: 



Vellanskii was a very talented man, brilliantly 

 educated abroad, but he was not a real physiologist. 

 Due to his being abroad, he became a nature-philosopher, 



15. Ibid., p. 39. 



16. Ibid., pp. 34 - 35. 



17. A. M. Levin, "D. M. Vellanskii and Schellingism, " p. 790. 



18. Vellanskii, BASIC OUTLINE, pp. 50 - 52. 



151 



