Fetus." It begins with arguments on the use of hypotheses 

 by citing Condi 1 lac's words: "It happens when they reach for 

 evidence; in all sciences and arts they begin with the sense 

 of touch." Concerning nutrition of the fetus, Pavlov divided 

 the nutritional sources into three groups: the blood of the 

 mother, the serum chyle (serum chylosum) , or the amniotic 

 fluid. Turning to the first hypothesis, Pavlov remarked: 



If the fetus feeds on the mother's blood, so it is 

 necessary that his blood vessels be anastomosed with 

 the mother's vessels; however, recently the existence 

 of these anastomoses have been denied. It is natural 

 to assume that the place where the maternal vessels 

 could unite with the vessels of the fetus is the 

 placenta? however, its structure speaks against such 

 union. ($ 27, 28) 



Giving the description of placental structure ($ 29 - 32) , 

 with citations to Wenssowitsch's work, suggesting differentia- 

 tion of the placenta into distinct parts — maternal (pars 

 placento-uterina) and fetal (pars placento-umbilicalis) — 

 Pavlov made a reminder about the attempts to solve the 

 question experimentally. Wax introduced into the umbilical 

 artery or vein sometimes does not pass into the uterine 

 placental cells, even if they are not destroyed, and remains 

 in the placental umbilical part. A wax injection from the 

 side of the uterine vessels does not pass into the fetal 

 vessels of the placenta. Therefore, despite Meckel's opinion, 

 Pavlov accepted Mukhin's view that fetal blood vessels do not 

 anastomose with maternal vessels. Next, he stated in detail 

 other arguments against fetal nutrition by the blood of the 

 mother, based on the observation of the rhythm of vascular 

 pulsation in experiments with their ligation in animals and so 

 on. Pavlov concluded with: "And so, if we accept that the 

 blood vessels of the fetus do not have any communication with 

 those of the mother, if the maternal blood cannot reach the 

 fetus by any means, so it is concluded that the fetus does not 

 feed from the blood of the mother" ($ 54) . 



The second point of view, according to which the fetus 

 feeds from the milky serum which is extracted from the maternal 

 blood, Pavlov stated in the words of Wenssowitsch: "From the 

 beginning. of pregnancy . . . the capillary vessels of the 



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