The signs of the effects of Naturphilosophie could also 

 be obseryed in the biological ideas of Shchurovskii. Grigorii 

 Efimovich Shchurovskii, (1803 - 1884} graduated from Moscow 

 University's Faculty of Medicine, and became a teacher of 

 physics and natural history in the Moscow Educational House. 

 He was a lecturer on natural history in the Faculty of 

 Medicine at the University. A great part of his later work 

 was devoted to geology and mineralogy, but in his earliest 

 scientific activities Shchurovskii was interested in general 

 biological issues. In his "Organology of Animals" (1834) and 

 three other works, he considered the questions of embryology. 



In the first of the above-mentioned works, he touched 

 on Pavlov's Naturphilosophical ideas. In particular: 



Man by his physical formation lives a double life: 

 private, in which he passes all the periods of his 

 relative existence? and a general life, in which, 

 along with all similar animals, he constitutes one 

 undivided, gradually improving organism. In his life 

 generally, he experiences changes induced by the 

 natural sequence of ages. Radiate animals represent his 

 uterine condition or embryo, which is not yet 

 differentiated into the various organs. In the slugs or 

 molluscs he has his infancy; in animals having 

 external articulation he has his youth; in fish, 

 reptiles, birds, and beasts he reaches maturity, which 

 in turn is replaced by sensible and experienced old 

 age. And thus man is the final development of the 

 animal kingdom, and the last step of existence. 61 



For Shchurovskii, the regularity of repetition in stages 

 of individual development of all the animal kingdom takes a 

 distinct Naturphilosophical form, without concern for empirical 

 confirmation of these stated ideas. 



The data for his lectures on heart development*^ a re 

 more distinct. Here Shchurovskii used the data he had available, 



61. Cited by A. P. Bogdanov, CARL FRANTSOVICH RULE, 

 pp. 86 - 87. 



62. G. E. Shchurovskii, "On the Individual Development of a 

 Bird Heart and its Similarity with the General Development 



( . . . contd on next page ) 

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