especially that for the embryonic development of birds 

 Che himself apparently did not make observations] , but he 

 drew his conclusions both from data and from selected works 

 of Naturphilosophie. 



"Nature is an organic body, a part of which, in essence, 

 is development, or perhaps it is better to say the repetition 

 of one and the same beginning" (p. 192). Referring to Saint - 

 Hilaire, who called this repetition or identity "unity in 

 the formation of organization," Shchurovskii formulated the 

 following law: 



Each organ of the animal body, moving from the non- 

 existent to the existent, from primary embryo to the 

 most perfect form, represents a number of private 

 developments which become complicated. Sometimes the 

 private development of an organ in one animal reflects, 

 in general, the development of the same organ in the 

 whole kingdom. Thus, gradual development noted in 

 the hearts of birds corresponds to different epochs of 

 formation of this organ in the whole animal kingdom. 

 Cp. 193) 



An explanation of the agreement between the stages of develop- 

 ment of the embryo and the group of all animal forms, 

 Shchurovskii sought in Plato's and Schelling's ideas of the 

 universe of ideas materially realized in the universe of 

 objects. Thus: "The life of the organic body which is still 

 not enveloped in material form is called its concept or 

 possible constitution .... Thus in the egg is included the 

 concept or the possible constitution of the bird, which enters 

 into actual existence at the time of incubation, when material- 

 istic forms and organs of the future animal begin to form" 

 (p. 193). 



(Footnote No. 62, contd) 



of the Same Organ in the Whole Animal Kingdom," in 

 SCIENTISTS OF WESTERN MOSCOW UNIVERSITY, Part I 

 (1833), pp. 192 - 210. A year later Shchurovskii published 

 two more articles relating to embryology: "On the Head 

 Vertebrae of Higher Animals," SCIENTISTS OF WESTERN 

 MOSCOW UNIVERSITY, Part III (1834), pp. 256 - 268, 

 466 - 276, and "On the Structure of the Cloaca in Birds 

 and the Theory of Egg Formation," ibid . , Part II (1834), 

 pp. 37 - 61. 



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