or the converse, how the body affects it."°^ In concluding 

 this section of his dissertation, Diadkovskii considered the 

 different external forces affecting the human organism, 

 especially the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical 

 influences. He concluded that "Continuous reciprocal influence 

 of these powers in the human body, the influence of the 

 external powers on the internal, and the internal powers on 

 the external, constitute life. Without this reciprocal effect, 

 it is impossible even to imagine the life of the human body. "83 



In 1836 Diadkovskii published a manual of general 

 therapy. 84 in the introduction, he established himself as a 

 strong supporter of natural science, defending its progressive- 

 ness and independent character. 



Russia has just recently stepped onto the route to 

 enlightenment, moving by gigantic steps, quickly 

 competing with other kingdoms which started far 

 earlier .... Especially among teaching physicians, 

 the Russians have achieved such progress that they 

 are not only at the level of the people preceding 

 them, but also have pushed ahead of some of them. 85 



Diadkovskii reproached his contemporaries for an insuf- 

 ficiency of "that noble national price, that high patriotic 

 love, that alone can give life to the spirit of national 



82. ibid . , p. 185. Lebedev gives an underlined note, the 

 object of which is entirely obvious. The translator strove 

 not to soften the impression of Diadkovskii ' s materialistic 

 conclusions. Deciding not to introduce a distortion into 

 the text of the dissertation itself, Lebedev translated, in 

 a note, the words of Huf eland on the immortal soul, spirit, 

 and understanding, which are not material, that the 

 immortal soul is combined with the body and in particular 

 with the brain, and so on. 



83. Ibid ., p. 186. 



84. TIEfiERAL THERAPY, Issued for Guiding the Audience, by the 

 Ordinary Professor at the Imperial Moscow University and 

 Moscow Department SPB of the Medical-Surgical Academy, 

 lustin Diadkovskii. Moscow, 1836. 121 pp. 



85., Ibid. , p. iii. 



199 



