resembled the picture, but his form was made by the strong 

 imagination of his mother. All Paris could see him, as I 

 could, because this infant was preserved for a long time in 

 spirits of wine" (N. Mal'bransh. Seeking out truth, V. I, 

 p. 173). 



The description of deformity was so expressive and 

 exact, that confidently it was sufficiently possible to 

 characterize it in terms of recent teratology. Probably, 

 the matter was a case of amencephaly or, may be, cerebral 

 hernia of occipital region. It is not wonderful that the 

 baby, resembling Saint Pia, was shown in a jar with spirit 

 directly after bith (38) . 



(13) Philosophy, Leibnits spoke, - gave itself much 

 work about the origin of forms, entelechy and soul. Mean- 

 while, different accurate investigations, performed on 

 plants, insects and animals, led to this conclusion: that the 

 organic bodies of nature never originated from chaos or not, 

 but always from semen, in which, undoubtedly, preformation 

 was already present... We see something similar, when, for 

 example, worms become flies and caterpillars become butter- 

 flies" (Monadologiya, No. 74), (38). 



(14) "Thus, I suppose that souls which once must 

 become human souls, as well as souls of other kinds, existed 

 in semen, in ancestors up to Adam, i.e. from the very 

 beginning of things they existed in the form of organic 

 bodies — a view, which was apparently approved by Swammerdam, 

 Mal'bransh, Beil', Pitkari, Gartsuker and many other learned 

 men. This view is also sufficiently confirmed by microscopic 

 observations of Leeuwenhoek and other fairly prominent 

 naturalists "(Teoditseya, I, No. 91) (38). 



(15) Leibnits considered that monads are alive and 

 animated, characterized by incessant change which is accom- 

 plished continuously without leaps. "I confirm, as an 

 indisputable truth — he wrote — that all things were exposed 

 to change, and became monads and that in each monad this 

 change was accomplished continuously" (Monadologiya, No. 10) . 

 From continuous change, the developing monad natural passage 

 of Leibnits to gradation of monads, forming continuous 

 eternal ascending series of substances, progressing from 



606 



