(41) Efrem Osipovich Mukhin (1766-1850) studied at 



the Kharkovsky College and Elisavetgradskaya Hospital School, 

 and then at Moscow University. He was a junior assistant at 

 the department of pathology and therapy at Moscow Medical 

 School, and later on a professor at the university. He 

 wrote a great number of manual books and special works (162) . 



(42) Vilglin Michailovich Rikhter (1767-1822) was 

 born in Moscow, finished Moscow University and published a 

 doctor's dissertation in Erlangen. From 1790 he was a 

 professor of obstetrics at Moscow University. Rikhter is 

 the author of project "Practical obstetrical institute" 

 and many manual books (162) . 



(43) Ivan Fedorovich Wenssowitsch (1769-1811) studied 

 at the Kharkovsky college and Moscow University secondary 

 school, from where he joined the university, where he 

 successively joined the faculties of philosophy, law and 

 medicine. He finished the university and became a candidate 

 of medicine. In 1803, he defended a doctor's dissertation in 

 Moscow. From 1805 he was a professor of anatomy, physiology 

 and forensic medicine. He published "journal medico-physical 

 He died from tuberculosis at the age of 42 (163) . 



(44) Yakov Kuzmich Kaidanov (1779-1885), from Kiev 

 Ecclesiastical Academy, studied in the Petersburg medico- 

 surgical school. After finishing there, he was sent to 

 Vienna to study veterinary medicine. After his return back, 

 he became a junior assistant at the Medico-surgical Academy. 

 From 1809, he became an ordinary professor of veterinary 

 sciences. In 1812, he defended a doctor's dissertation 

 "Quaternary of life". 



The contents of the work of Ya. K. Kaidanov were 

 elucidated in B. E. Raikov's book "Ocherki po istorii 

 evolyutsionnoi idei v Rossii do Darvina" (Essays on history 

 of the evolution concept in Russia before Darwin) . Evaluat- 

 ing the outlook of Kaidanov, Raikov, as it seems, insuffi- 

 ciently set off the nature-philosophical, mystical element 

 of "Quaternary of life". M. G. Pavlov could not be called 

 a follower of Kaidanov; his ideas, except for the above- 

 mentioned place in the dissertation of Pavlov, did not 

 find any reflection (168) . 



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