(64) According to Maitre-Jean, the fingers appear for 

 the first time, within 164 hours after the start of incubation. 

 Malpighi gave quite contradictory data: on his four figures 

 the first appearance of fingers is manifested on the 9th, 11th, 

 12th and 15th day. According to Vesling, the feet and fingers 

 are already clearly distinguished on the 7th day. (224) 



(65) In the book of B. E. Raikov (Russkie biologi- 

 evolyutsionisty do Darvina, (Russian biologists-evolutionists 

 before Darwin) , V. I) is given a clear essay of the life and 

 activities of Bojanus — comparative anatomists and evolutionist. 

 About his embryological investigations, what is stated there 



is casual and moreover incompletely accurate information. 

 Thus, on page 375 it is said "Bojanus, long before the 

 researches of Baer showed, that allantois was an independent 

 formation in the form of a sac, which was present inside the 

 amnion and sided with it". In fact, Bojanus confirmed that 

 the allantois surrounded the amnion from outside and sided 

 from the inside with the chorion. (228) 



(66) Pander enumerated the different opinions about 

 "paunch". "Emil Parizan considered it the semen of the 

 cock, Harvey, Lengli and Maitre-Jean called it paunch, 

 Malpighi — follicule, Coiter — dot or circle, Vesling — while 

 spot, Vicq d'Azyr — paunch or embryo, Tideman — paunch or 

 spot, Illiger — embryonic or jumping dot" (Pander. Dissert., 

 p. 18, footnote). (245) 



(67) In the footnote Pander (Dissertatio, p. 22) noted 

 that before Wolff no author even mentioned the blastoderm. 

 Wolff in the article "About the formation of intestine" 

 (Novi Comment. Acad. Petrop. V. 13, p. 431) wrote about a 

 zone, surrounding the embryo, in which the embryo cannot be 

 also developed. "All other writers, — Pander said, — strongly 

 deviated from that fact and called the blastoderm sometimes 

 paunch (many authors), sometimes clot (Malpighi, Lengli, 

 Harvey) , sometimes the sac of the clot (Malpighi) , sometimes 

 the eye of the egg (Harvey) , sometimes bed of the hen (le 

 lit de la poule) Maitre-Jean, sometimes yolk sac (Haller), 

 which is already absolutely incorrect— all authors, dis- 

 cussing, after Wolff, the formation of the chicken in the 

 e gg> did not mention the blastoderm and called it widening 



of a spot (Tideman) or bulging of yolk membrane (Oken)" (246). 



628 



