880 PROF. S. J. HICKSON OS THE 



to that of Errina and grooved spines similar to those of 

 Labio2yora. 



A plea might still be made to keep the genus Sjnnipora distinct, 

 but I am convinced that intermediate forms will be found 

 between the deep-sea species of Errina and the only known 

 species of Spinipora, and that sooner or later it will be found 

 impossible to keep it apart from the others. 



In the following pages, therefore, I have regarded all the 

 species that have been attributed to the three genera as belonging 

 to the one genus, Errina of Gray, but for convenience of reference 

 I have added after the generic name (Labiopora) or (L.) in the 

 case of those species that were formerly described as belonging to 

 the genus Labiopora and to others that belong to tlia.t group of 

 species, and [Sjnnijwra) or [S.) in the case of Errina echinata, the 

 only known species of the Spinipora group. 



Genus Eekina Gray. 

 With the characters of the subfamily Errinina (p. 879). 

 The " Errina " group of species. 



Ccenosteum hard and compact, perforated at the surface by 

 well-defined ccenosteal pores usually arranged in rows in shallow 

 longitudinal surface-grooves. Gasteropores with or without a 

 scale. All the dactylopores protected by short grooved spines 

 (narial processes) with the grooves turned towards the apex of 

 the branch. 



The only species of this group that have been sufficiently well 

 described to make identification possible without reference to the 

 t)^pe specimens, are Errina kibiata Moseley and E. ramosa 

 Hickson & England and E. horrida H. k E. Other species 

 are Errina carinata Pourtales and E. pourtalesii Dall. 

 Pourtales in 1871 described three species, which at first he placed 

 in the genus Errina but subsequently transferred them to a new 

 genus, Lepidopora. These species were referred back again to 

 Errina by Moseley, Their names are E. glabra, E. cochleata, and 

 E. dabneyi. These three species were distinguished from Errina 

 by the presence of a lip or lid-like process similar to that of 

 Cryptohelia hanging over the gasteropores. ErHna fissurata of 

 Gray ma.v have been a specimen of Labiopora, but as the original 

 specimen has been lost it is useless to speculate on its supposed 

 aflSnities. 



The species may be ari^anged as follows :— 



* a. Gasteropores with a definite lip or scale : — 



E. glabra, E. cochleata, E. dabneyi, and E. ramosa. 

 h, Gasteropores in the angles formed by the branches : — 



E. horrida. 

 c. Gasteropores without scales and distributed on the surface 

 of the ccenosteum :■ — 



E. labiata, E. carinata, E. poiirtalesii (?). 



* See Note p. 89i. 



