484 Mr. VV. F. Kirby on the 



XII. North Central. — This division includes Denmark, 

 Germany, Holland, and Belgium. — One hundred and fourteen 

 species occur in this district, of which two, Melitcea Britomartis 

 and Ereb'ia Re'ichlini, do not to my knowledge occur elsewhere. 



XIII. Austria and Switzerland. — This district is one of the 

 richest in Europe. One hundred and ninety-five species occur 

 ■within its boundaries, three of which are peculiar to it. These 

 are Melitcsa Asteria, Erebia Arete, and Pyrgus Cacalice, 



In addition to the species referred to in the above summaries, 

 Staudinger enumerates as European Pijrameisl Ionia, Ch'ionobas 

 Crambis and Erebia Erij)hyle. For these I can find no recorded 

 European localities, but P.t Ionia occurs in Asia Minor, and pro- 

 bably also in Greece, Turkey, or South Russia. It is chiefly re- 

 markable as being an insect whose position is doubtful ; Herrich- 

 Schaffer calls it Apatura Ammonia ; and though Staudinger in- 

 cludes the whole of the Vanessides in his genus Vanessa, he doubts 

 whether Ionia, which he places at the end, after Cardui, really be- 

 longs to it. C. Crambis probably occurs in Lapland, as it is one 

 of the polar species, and I believe that E. Erifhyle occurs in the 

 mountains of some part of Germany. 



It will not be necessary to recapitulate the geographical distri- 

 bution of such Rhopalocera as are confined to Europe, as I could 

 only reproduce in words what I have fully explained elsewhere 

 by tables. The remainder of the present paper will therefore 

 chiefly consist of remarks on the distribution of genera, and the 

 extra-European range of European species, though I shall not 

 omit to notice such species peculiarly European as call for un- 

 usual attention. 



Genus Papilio. 



When we consider that the greater part of Europe lies to the 

 north of the warm temperate zone, we need not be surprised that 

 the great tropical genus Papilio is only represented by four 

 species, though it can hardly contain less than 300 described 

 species. P. Machaon ranges from Sweden on the north to Egypt 

 on the south, and from England on the west to Kamtschatka on 

 the east; and, like so many of the East Asian species, also occurs 

 in California. P. Podalirius occurs over the greater portion of 

 Europe, and likewise occurs in North Africa and Western Asia, 

 which would appear to be the limits of its range. P. Hospiton, a 

 species closely allied to Machaon, but perfectly distinct, is con- 

 fined to Corsica and Sardinia. 



