Geographical Distribution of European Rhopalocera. 487 



of our European species have yet penetrated to America, they 

 have become so modified as to be reputed distinct, since America 

 contains some peculiar species. Most of the European species 

 occur in Western Asia, but M. Maturna, Phoebe, Trivia, Didyma, 

 Parlhenie, Dictynna and Athalia, extend eastwards to Amoorland 

 and Kamtschatka. 



Genus Argynnis. 

 This genus, like the last, is wanting in South Africa. Almost 

 all the European species also occur in Asia, many extending east- 

 wards to Amoorland. The following polar species extend to 

 North America : J. Freyja, Aphirape var. Ossianus, Polaris and 

 Chariclea. A. Aglaia also extends to North America through 

 Siberia. This species is very closely related to two forms in Eu- 

 rope, A. Cyrene and A. Alexandra, which show signs of having 

 had a common origin with it. A. Cyrene replaces, as far as I 

 know, the common species in Corsica, but Mr. Dale informs me 

 that he has an Aglaia much resembling Cyrene, which was taken 

 near Manchester. Possibly Aglaia may have been exposed to 

 somewhat similar insular variation in Britain as in Corsica. All 

 the large species of Argynnis are very liable to vary. The other 

 allied form is A. Alexandra, which occurs in the Caucasus. 

 Herrich-SchafFer considers it only a variety. The underside of 

 the hind-wings resembles Aglaia, but the silvery marginal spots 

 are replaced by greenish lunules. 



Genus Araschnia. 

 This genus only contains one species, for I doubt whether 

 A. Burejana, of Bremer, is distinct from Prorsa, which ranges 

 from France to Amoorland. Prorsa, the summer variety, has the 

 appearance of a Limenitis ; and Levana, the spring variety, that 

 of a Vanessa. 



Genus Grapta. 



G. C.-alhiim extends eastwards to North America : I am not 

 aware that G. Egea occurs to the east of Armenia. G. Progne, a 

 North American species, has recently been met with in Amoor- 

 land. 



Genus Vanessa. 

 The only species which reaches America is Antiopa. It is still 

 doubful whether the European V,-album is identical with the 



