488 Mr. W. F. Kirby on the 



American J. -album, but as the former occurs in Siberia, it is un- 

 likely that the slight difference in the imago would be already 

 correlated with sufficient differences in the larva to entitle them 

 to rank as distinct species. All the European species extend 

 eastwards to Amoorland. Urticcs has a Corsican sub-species, 

 Ichnusa, attached to it ; but slight as the difference between them 

 is, it is correlated in the larva, although an intermediate variety 

 occurs in Italy and Turkey. It would be interesting to know 

 whether the larva of the intermediate variety agrees with either 

 Urticce or Ichnusa, 



Genus Pyrameis. 

 Small as this genus is, it is one of the most interesting, and the 

 very paucity of species is doubtless owing in great measure to the 

 gigantic power of Cardui. Atalanta is the first species we have 

 to consider. It occurs all over Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa 

 and North America. But I cannot find it recorded as occurring 

 in Asia, east of Asia Minor*, though I have consulted several 

 Russian and other authors on purpose. But it is an extraordinary 

 thing that Callirhoe, a closely allied species, replaces Alalanla in 

 China, India and the Canaries. Cardui, like Ata/anta and Cal- 

 lirhoe, appears to be a very old species, though its migratory 

 habits might account in part for its wide extension. It occurs in 

 every part of the world, except South Americaf, in abundance. 

 After this species Staudinger places Ionia, a species occurring in 

 Eastern Europe (?) and Asia Minor, which is so abnormal that some 

 call it a Vanessa and some an Apatura. Not having seen it, I 

 place it temporarily in the genus Pyrameis. Owing to the great 

 power of the typical species of this genus, it is very rare to find 

 more than two species occurring in company in any part of the 

 world, and those two generally belong to distinct groups. 



Genus Neptis. 

 This genus is mostly found in India, where many closely allied 

 species belonging to it occur. The two European species, N. 

 Aceris and Lucilla, which do not occur to the west of Austria and 

 Italy, appear to exist in most parts of Asia. 



Genus Nymphalis. 

 N. Populi ranges from France to Amoorland. 



* According to Cramer, P. Atalanta occurs in China ; but the old authors 

 are not to be depended on with respect to localities. 



■f P. Cardui is often said to occur in Brazil ; but Mr. Bates informs me that 

 the Brazilian insect is a variety of tiie American C. Haiitera. 



