114 



January 5, 1863. 

 Frederick Smith, Esq., President, in the chair. 



Donations. 



The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the 

 respective donors : — ' Proceedings of the Royal Society,' vol. xii. No. 52 ; presented by 

 the Society. ' Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift,' stiftet af Henrik Kroyev, udgivet af Prof. 

 J. C. Schiodte, Tredie Eaekkes aiidet Hefte ; by the Editor. ' Exotic Butterflies,' 

 part 45 ; by W. Wilson Saunders, Esq. 'A Manual of European Butterflies ; by 

 the Author, W. F. Kiiby, Esq. ' The Intellectual Observer,' Nos. 11 and 12 ; by the 

 publishers, Messrs. Groombridge and Sons. 'The Zoologist' for January; by the 

 Editor. ' The Athenaeum ' for November and December ; by the Editor. ' The 

 Journal of the Society of Arts' for December; by the Society. ' The Entomologist's 

 Annual ' for 1863 ; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esq. ' Sitzungsberichte der k. 

 bayer. Akad. der Wissenschafteu zu Miiuchen,' 1862^ I. Heft 4, II. Heft. 1 ; by the 

 Society. 



JExhibi lions. 



Mr. W. W. Saunders, after making some remarks on the importance, from a com- 

 mercial point of view, of a more intimate acquaintance with the various kinds of galls 

 and their fabricators, exhibited specimens of a gall found at Reigate on the roots of 

 the oak, and of another similar but larger root-gall recently brought from the Zulu 

 country by Mr. Cooper : they appeared to be the production of several successive years, 

 and formed in fact an assemblage of galls upon galls, leading to the hypothesis that 

 the perfect insect laid its eggs within the galls of one year, and the produce of those 

 eggs produced the galls of the following year. Mr. Saunders also exhibited another 

 gall from South Africa which was rather soft to the touch, and was found in clusters 

 upon a species of Cissus ; it was doubtless the production of a Cynips, though the 

 insect bad not been discovered. 



Mr. Saunders also exhibited living specimens of a species of Bruchus from the 

 seeds of Erythrina Saundersonii. 



Professor Westwood exhibited a large tough pouch-like larva-nest from Africa, 

 ■which had been cut off from the branch of a tree to which it had been attached. The 

 tough interior material had several holes in it, which were covered exteriorly with 

 cone-shaped masses of woolly matter; these were evidently door-ways for the exit of 

 the larvae, but it was difficult to imagine that a larva which had once emerged could 

 again effect an entrance through the same passage. The nest was doubtless that of 

 some gregarious Lepidopterous larva, and was somewhat analogous to that of Eucheira 

 socialis described many years ago by the Professor in the ' Transactions' of the Society. 

 Professor Westwood also exhibited the leaves of various plants which had been mined 

 by the larvae of Micro-Lepidoptera, mounted on glass, with the larvae inside their 

 mines. This novel method of exhibiting the miners, and the shape and peculiarities 

 of their workings, was due to Mr. S. Stone, of Brighihampton. 



Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a fine Psalidognathus from Quito, and a remarkable 

 instance of arrested development in one of the hind wings of a specimen of Papilio 

 Pammon, brought by Mr. A. R. Wallace from the Sulu Islands. 



