160 



thirty living specimens of C. auratus from France, and had turned them loose on the 

 coast between Dover and Deal. 



Mr. Staintou exhibited specimens of Elachista apicipuiictellabved by Herr Albarda, 

 by whom the larva had been first observed two years ago. The following note, com- 

 municated by the Dutch entomologist, was read : — 



Habits of Elachista apicipunctella, 



"These larvse mine the leaves of Holcus lanatus and sometimes of Festuca pra- 

 tsnsis and F. elatior, from November to March. They mine downwards from the 

 point of the leaf, occupying the entire breadth ; the mine is not conspicuous. On the 

 upper side of the leaf the epidermis remains flat, and is but slightly discoloured (espe- 

 cially in the Festucse), the under side being more puckered and yellowish. The grayish 

 excrements are irregularly scattered throughout the mine. The larva seems to prefer 

 those leaves which lie flat on the ground and are covered by the others, and may thus 

 have escaped observation. In mild winters, like the past, the larvse feed continuously, 

 and are full-fed in February, but when the cold is more intense they remain motionless 

 until the frost is over, and then continue the same mine, notwithstanding that the leaf 

 may be somewhat withered. When nearly full-fed they remove to a fresh leaf. 



" When full-fed the larva seeks a convenient corner, commonly the base of the 

 leaf, to undergo its change, and spins a very slight web of parallel threads, surrounding 

 the middle of the body with a silken girth. They remain one or two weeks before they 

 change to the pupa state, after which the perfect insect appears in about five or six 

 weeks, according to the weather. 



" The imago is seldom seen on the wing, but can easily be captured in the after- 

 noon, when they are sitting on the leaves of the food-plant, the females having com- 

 monly their wings erected perpendicularly, as it seems to attract the males. 



"This insect is not at all uncommon here (at Leeuwardeu). In sandy localities, 

 where Holcus lanatus abounds, the larvae are probably more scattered, but along the 

 roads in clayey localities, where that plant occurs here and there, a single tuft is often 

 tenanted by more than thirty larvae. 



"A summer brood, though very probable, has not yet been observed." 



Professor Westwood mentioned that, during a recent trip in the Italian portion of 

 the Tyrol, he had observed the leaves of the walnut trees to be blackened throughout 

 the distal half, and apparently scorched ; on examination they were found to be rolled 

 up by the larvae of one of the Tineidge, which had proved to be Gracilaria rufipennella, 

 a species which ordinarily fed on the plane tree. The pupae were of singular form, 

 the antenna case in the males extending beyond the extremity of the abdomen. 



Professor Westwood exhibited drawings of the larvae and pupae of the genera 

 Coronis and Castnia : those of Coronis were taken from the collection of Dr. Kaden 

 at Dresden, which was very rich in illustrations of the transformations of the Lepidop- 

 tera of Granada, which had been formed by Moritz ; the larva was supplied with spines 

 on its back, like some of the Notodontidae. The larva of Castnia burrowed in the 

 stems of trees, and was a long fleshy grub, like that of a Longicorn beetle, whilst the 

 pupa had its abdomen furnished with two rows of reflexed spines, which enabled it to 

 work its way along the burrows, after the manner of Cossus. 



Professor Westwood exhibited specimens and photographs of Papilio Castor and 

 P. Pollux. In the 'Arcana Entomologica ' he had described those forms as distinct 



