165 



other was new; one of Eunectes, which occurred everywhere ; two of Hydroporus, of 

 which one was a common South-Australian form and the other a new species; one of 

 Hyphidrus, new ; two of Gyrinus, of which one was common at Adelaide and the other 

 new; and one of Dineutes, new. There were thus seventeen species, the produce of 

 the Expedition, represented by twenty-six specimens; of these two were common 

 species in Soutli Australia, one occurred in profusion at Adelaide, and one was common 

 everywhere, leaving thirteen new species, of which seven were without any special affi- 

 nities, whilst six were nearly related to northern species. 



Mr. Stainton exhibited some alder leaves said to contain larvae of Tinagma resplend- 

 ellum ; the larvse, however, were not visible, being concealed within the midrib or leaf- 

 stalk. When young the larvae gave a slight curvature to the leaf, and were almost 

 always found on the antepenultimate leaf of an alder shoot; they then mined down 

 the midrib and leaf-stalk, eating down one side and returning up the other side, and 

 finally, when nearly full-fed, made a blotch on the leaf, by which they might readily 

 be discovered. 



Professor Westwood had endeavoured to discover generic characters in the eggs of 

 birds, but had been unable to do so. He should be glad to know if Mr. Stainton's 

 experience of leaf-mining larvae had led him to the discovery of characters in the mines 

 which were of generic value; if so, regard ought to be had to them in any future 

 arrangement of the Micro-Lepidoptera. 



Mr. Stainton replied that not only were the characters of the mine of high import- 

 ance for the discrimination of species, but he considered that the mines exhibited 

 generic characters also. If a new mine were shown to him he could generally name 

 the genus to which the insect was to be referred. 



Mr. Haward exhibited the pupa and a bred imago of Ocypus ater. The larva was 

 found in, and fed on, a piece of elm wood ; and had been kept in a glass jar between 

 two and three months, at the end of which time the imago emerged. 



Professor Westwood called attention to the ravages committed on the willow Irees 

 in Essex by Cryptorhynchus Lapathi. There was an interesting paper on the subject 

 published in the Linnean 'Transactions' during the last century, by W. Curtis, since 

 which time he was not aware that any further record of the destructive habits of the 

 species had been made. The larva burrowed in the willows, and had attacked the 

 rarer cultivated species in Essex to such an extent that the growers were in fear of 

 entirely losing their crops. 



Mr, Timins exhibited bred specimens of Papilio Machaon, Thais Cassandra, Poly- 

 oramatus lolas and Clostera anachoreta, their appearance having been hastened by 

 keeping the pupae in confinement at a temperature of about 60° Fahr. He also read 

 the following notes : — 



On Rearing Lepidoptera in Winter, and on the possibility of Naturalizing 

 Exotic Lepidoptera. 



"The statement of some old authors ' that Lepidopterous insects, when forced by 

 the application of heat to emerge from the pups before their usual time of appearance, 

 are never properly developed,' having been quoted and repealed in various more 

 modern works, may mislead the tyro in Entomology ; and as I have established the 

 contrary fact by experience, I have thought it advisable to make these few notes on the 

 subject, with the view of drawing the attention of collectors to the possibility of rearing 



