32 SIR HUGH WILLOUGHBY'S EXPEDITION: 



Miifcovltljh and Norwegian dominions. Kegor-, or filhers iHand, ^ llretches 

 along the fhore a little to the eaft of the mouth of the Pas. A vaft hollow fea 

 is obferved ofr this ifland, arifing from the N. W. and N. E. winds. Let it be 

 remarked, that the land takes a fouthern trend from the north- cape to the extieme 

 of the TFhtte Sea ; and the hills gradually decline in height, and the ifles diminifh 

 in number. Kola, a vaft river, opens a little to the eaft of Kegor, and is about 

 a mile broad near the town of Kola, above feven leagues from its mouth. 

 This, above two centuries ago, was the great refort oi Engll/lo and Dutch, who 

 carried on a great trade in falmon and fifli-oil*. The oil is extracted from the 

 livers of the {harks, fuch as the brugde, haa-mer or bafliing fhark, Br. Zool. III. 

 No. 41 ; the haa-Jhiardin or white fhark, Br. Zool. Ill, No. 42 ; and the haa- 

 hrand or blue fliark. No. 43. All thefe fpecies having for a long time been 

 taken for this purpofe f, chiefly in the winter, and by the natives. Cod-fifh, 

 holibuts, and moft of the valuable fifh of the German fea, abound as far as this 

 high latitude. Even the tunny is found to purfue the mackarel into thefe cold 

 leas J. The fmall ifle of Kilduyn lies a little to the eaft of the Kola ; and farther 

 on the Sem-ojlrowow, or feven iflands ; not far from which is the river Arzhia, 

 memorable for the fate of our illuftrious countryman, Sir Hugh Willoughhy, who, 

 in May 1553, failed from Ratdiff, on the firft voyage for the difcovery by fea of 

 Mufcovia by the north-eaft, a country at that time fcarcely known to the reft of 

 Europe. In Augujl he was feparated from his conforts in this high latitude, and 

 driven by tempefts into this part, where he was found, the fpring following, by 

 fome Rtijftan fifhermen, with all his crew, frozen to death. His more fortunate 

 confort Richard Chancellor, captain and pilot major, purfued his voyage, and re- 

 newed the difcovery of the JVhite Sea, or bay of St. Nicholas, a place totally for- 

 gotten fince the days of OSiher. The circumftances attending his arrival exactly 

 refemble thofe of the firft difcoverers oi America. He was ftruck with aftonifh- 

 ment at the barbarity of the Rujftan inhabitants. They, in return, flood amazed 

 at the fize of his fhip ; they fell down and would have kiffed his feet : and when 

 they left him, fpread abroad the arrival of " a ftrange nation of fingular gentlc- 

 *' nefle and courtefie." He vifited in fledges the cowrt oi Bafilovit-z\l. then at 

 Mofcovj, and layed the foundation of immenfe commerce with this country, for a 

 feries of years, even to the diftant and unthought-of Pi?;;y?,3, 



It is fingular, that fo very little has been preferved concerning that very illuf- 

 trious charafler. Sir Hugh IVilloughhy. It appears that he was fon of Sir Henry 

 Willoughhy, knight and banneret, by his third wife Elen, daughter oi John Eger- 



"^ HacUuyl, I. 416. -f Toi/a-i, Hijl. Nor-veg. I. go. MuUer, Zool. Dan. W' 315, 3 16, 318. 

 J Leans Lapm. 116. Fontopp.ll. 153. 



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