ECHINOPSIS. 
77 
The three following names, although sometimes referred to Echinopsis, were evidently 
intended as species of Echinocactus. In all of them the generic name is abbreviated to 
“Ech.” and, as they follow a species of Echinopsis. this abbreviation has naturally been 
taken to refer to that name. In each case, however, the species are referred to definite 
sections of Echinocactus as outlined by Salm-Dyck. Then, too, the gender of the specific 
name agrees with Echinocactus and not with Echinopsis. The three names are referred 
to Echinopsis by the Index Kewensis: 
Ech. nodosus Linke, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. i: 85. 1858. 
Ech. setosus Linke, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 86. 1858. 
Ech. haageanus Linke, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1:86. 1858. 
The first two have been taken up formally in Echinocactus by Hemsley (Biol. Centr. 
Amer. Bot. 1: 535, 537. 1880) and the third by Riimpler (Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 
469. 1885). 
Echinopsis fischeri tephracantha and E. nigerrima are in the trade. 
Subtribe 4. ECHINOCACTANAE. 
Plants usually low and small, but sometimes several meters tall and then of considerable size, 
simple or cespitose, terrestrial; stems normally one-jointed but sometimes budding or cespitose or 
making other joints when injured; ribs few to many, straight or spiral, usually spine-bearing; flowers 
always solitary at areoles near the apex of the plant, usually from the nascent areoles; fruit more or 
less scaly or naked, usually dry, in some cases a little fleshy and then somewhat edible, usually 
dehiscing by a basal pore, but sometimes irregularly breaking apart, or by a circumscissile opening; 
seeds black or sometimes brown, smooth or papillose. 
We recognize 28 genera, most of which are taken from Echinocactus as circumscribed 
by previous authors. 
The subtribe passes into the Echinocereanae on the one hand and into the Coryphan- 
thanae on the other. 
In most of the genera of this subtribe, as well as in a few other genera, such as Oreo- 
cereus, the seeds escape through a pore at the base of the fruit. If the fruit be gathered 
before it fully ripens, this pore will not be shown, but, as the fruit ripens, the basal part 
which is attached to the plant becomes absorbed and disappears and, when the fruit 
finally falls off, the large opening, sometimes 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, can be seen. In most 
of the genera the fruit becomes hollow and the seeds are attached on the inner surface 
until fully ripe, when they fall to the bottom and make their escape. In Homalocephala 
texensis the fruit bursts irregularly, while in Mila and a few other genera the fruit is a small 
juicy berry. 
Key to Genera. 
A. Flower-tube bent; stamens long-exserted. 
AA. Flower-tube straight, usually with a broad throat; stamens included. 
B. Ovary and fruit naked. (See Copiapoa.) 
Plants spineless, except seedlings. 
Tubercles prominent, cartilaginous, flattened, more or less imbricated . 
Tubercles low, rounded above . 
Plants very spiny. 
Fruit crowned by sepal-like scales. 
Fruit naked at top. 
Fruit dry. 
Spines acicular. 
Spines flat, papery. 
Fruit fleshy, indehi scent. 
BB. Ovary and fruit scaly. 
C. Flowers funnelform, often with a slender tube. 
Axils of flower-scales hairy or bristly. 
Axils of flower-scales with bristles and hairs. 
Axils of flower-scales with hairs only. 
Flowers long-funnel form. 
Flowers short-funnelform. 
1. Denmoza (p. 78) 
2. Ariocarpus (p. 80) 
3. Lophophora (p. 83) 
4. Copiapoa (85) 
5. Pediocactus (p. 90) 
6. Toumeya (p. 91) 
7. Epithelantha (p. 92) 
8. Neoporteria (p. 94) 
9. Arequipa (p. too) 
10. Oroya (p. 102) 
