LOPHOPHORA. 
83 
Plate viii, figure 3, shows a plant sent by Professor Lloyd from Zacatecas in 1908, 
which flowered at the New York Botanical Garden in 1911. Figure 96 is from a photo¬ 
graph of a plant sent by Dr. Elswood Chaffey from Zacatecas, Mexico, in 1910. 
3 . Ariocarpus fissuratus (Engelmann) Schumann in Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3 6a : 195. 1894. 
Mammillaria fissurata Engelmann, Proc. Amer, Acad. 3: 270. 1856. 
Anhalonium fissuratum Engelmann, Cact. Mex. Bound. 75. 1859. 
Anhalonium engelmannii Lemaire, Cactees 42. 1868. 
Ariocarpus lloydii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 308. 1911. 
Plant body scarcely appearing above the ground, flat or somewhat rounded, sometimes 15 cm. 
broad; tubercles imbricated, ovate, the upper part 2 to 3 cm. broad at base, acute or obtuse, the 
whole surface more or less fissured and irregularly warty; areoles filled with a dense mass of hairs; 
flowers 3 to 4 cm. broad, white to purple; inner perianth-segments oblong-oblanceolate; style and’ 
stigma-lobes white; fruit oval, pale green, 10 mm. long; seeds black, tuberculate-roughened. 
Type locality: Near the junction of the Pecos with the Rio Grande. 
Distribution: Western Texas and northern Coahuila and Zacatecas, Mexico. 
Engelmann refers here (Cact. Mex. Bound. 74) Mammillaria heteromorpha Scheer 
(• Anhalonium heteromorphum Trelease in Engelmann’s Botanical Works 537. 1887), 
basing his conclusions on a skeleton specimen so labeled in Salm-Dyck’s collection. The 
species described under that name by Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 128. 1850) 
is certainly not of this genus. 
This plant is generally known as living rock. It is dull gray to brown in color and 
grows on dry stony ground and, when not in flower, is easily mistaken for the rocks which 
surround it. 
Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 16; Diet. Gard. Nicholson 4: 563. f. 34, as Mam¬ 
millaria fissurata; Illustr. Hort. 16: pi. [605a]; Forster, Handb. Cact. ed. 2. f. 20, as Anha¬ 
lonium engelmannii; Cact. Joum. 2: 109; Gartenwelt 15: 538; Amer. Gard. n: 465; Diet. 
Gard. Nicholson Suppl. 51. f. 48; Joum. Amer. Chem. Soc. 18: f. 4; Arch. Exper.’ Path. 
34: 70. f. 1, 376; Goebel, Pflanz. Schild. 1: f. 14, 44; pi. 2, f. 7, as Anhalonium fissuratum; 
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: pi. 63; Stand. Cycl. Hort. Bailey 1: f. 373; Mollers Deutsche 
Gart. Zeit. 29: 73. f. 1, as Ariocarpus lloydii; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: pi. 62; Rep. Mo. 
Bot. Gard. 9: pi. 32; Bliihende Kakteen 1: pi. 52, b; Bull. Univ. Texas 82: pi. 4, f. 1; Engler 
and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3 s3 : f. 68; Cact. Joum. 1: pi. for January and September; Ann. 
Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pi. 5, f. 1; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. f. 200; Mollers Deutsche 
Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 6; 29: 74. f. 2, 3; Gartenwelt 15: 343; Alianza Cientifiea 
Universal 3:0pp. 150 (2 plates); Arch. Exper. Path. 34: 376; West Amer. Sci. 13: 2; 
Floralia 42: 369. 
Figure 95 is from a photograph of a plant collected by Dr. Rose at Langtry, Texas, in 
1908. 
3 . LOPHOPHORA Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 131. 1894. 
Plant small, simple or proliferous, spineless (seedlings having a few weak pubescent bristle-like 
spines), very succulent, ribs very broad and rounded, bearing few low tubercles; areoles round, 
bearing flowers only when young, always filled with a tuft of erect matted hairs; flowers borne at the 
center of the plant, small, rotate-campanulate, white to rose-tinted; fruit club-shaped, naked, red to 
pinkish, maturing rapidly; seeds black, tuberculate-roughened. 
Type species: Echinocactus williamsii Lemaire. 
One species is here recognized but some writers have accepted two. 
The generic name is from \6<fios crest, and tfiopeoj I bear, referring to the pencil of 
hairs borne at the areole. 
This very curious little plant, although referred in turn to Echinocactus , Mammillaria, 
and Anhalonium, has very little in common with any of those genera. In the origin of the 
flower it is like Echinocactus, but otherwise it is very different. In its globular habit and 
