COPIAPOA. 
85 
Here probably belong Anhalonium jourdanianum Lewin (Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gess. 
12: 289. 1894), Anhalonium jourdanianum (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 180. 1896), and 
Echinocactus jourdanianus Rebut (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 122. 1905). 
Illustrations: Joum. Hered. Washington 6 7 : f. 10, as Lophophora; De haet, Cat. 
Gen. f. 13, as Echinocactus williamsii lewinii; Cact. Journ. 1: pi. for September, December; 
Journ. Hered. Washington 6 7 : f. 9; Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9: pi. 37, as Lophophora lewinii; 
Joum. Amer. Chem. Soc. 18: f. 2, 7; Arch. Exper. Path. 34: pi. 1, f. 4; also 376. f. 1; Garten- 
flora 37: f. 92; Gartenwelt 15: 538; Journ. Hered. Washington 6 7 : f. 8; Monatsschr. Kak¬ 
teenk. 1: facing 93, as Anhalonium lewinii; Arch. Exper. Path. 34: pi. 1, f. 3; Riimpler, 
Sukkulenten 190. f. 107; Gartenwelt 15: 538; Gartenflora 37: f. 93; Mollers Deutsche 
Gart. Zeit. 29: 78. f. 9; Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc. 18: f. 1, 3; Cact. Journ. 2: 109, as 
Anhalonium williamsii; Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 73: pi. 4296; Monatsschr. Kakteenk.4:37;i3:52; 
Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pi. 21; Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 55; Bliihende 
Kakteen 3: pi. 149; Eoudon, Encycl. PI. ed. 3. 1377. f. 19372; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 
150. f. 77; Mollers Deutsche Gart. Zeit. 25: 477. f. 11, No. 23; De Eaet, Cat. Gen. f. 12, 
as Echinocactus williamsii; Gartenwelt 15: 538, as Anhalonium jourdanianum; Smiths. 
Misc. Coll. 70: f. iii; Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9: pi. 36; Journ. Hered. Washington 6 7 : f. 1 
to 3, 6, 7, 9; Saunders, Useful Wild Plants U. S. Canada 253; Cact. Joum. 1: pi. for Sep¬ 
tember, December; Arm. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pi. 3, f. 5; 1916: 424. pi. 5, 6, 7. 
Plate ix, figure 1, is from a photograph of a plant sent from Zacatecas, Mexico, by 
Dr. Elswood Chaffey, in 1910; plate x, figure 3, shows a flowering plant from Zacatecas 
in the collection of the New York Botanical Garden; figure 4 shows another plant received 
from France in 1901. Figure 97 is from a photograph taken by Robert Runyon near 
Brownsville, Texas, in 1921. 
4 . COPIAPOA gen. nov. 
Simple, globular to elongate-cylindric, or in one species forming large clumps or mounds con¬ 
taining hundreds of simple globular stems; areoles borne on definite ribs; top of plant covered with 
dense soft wool; flowers from the top of the plant, nearly hidden in the wool, campanulate to funnel- 
form, yellow or sometimes tinged with red, with very short but broad tube; ovary short, turbinate, 
naked; fruit small, smooth, crowned with green, persistent, sepal-like scales; seed large, glossy, 
black, with large depressed hilum. 
Type species: Echinocactus marginatus Salm-Dyck. 
To this genus we are able to refer some 14 described species heretofore included in 
Echinocactus by authors. Most of the species are to be found in Salm-Dyck’s section, 
Cephaloidei, while Schumann scatters them through his subgenus Cephalocactus which is a 
very unnatural group, containing 11 very diverse species. All the species of Copiapoa 
are from the coastal region of northern Chile. This region, although large and varied, 
does not possess this number of species. We recognize 6. Dr. Rose who collected here in 
1914 obtained 3 of these of which he brought back living and herbarium specimens. 
The generic name is derived from Copiapo, one of the provinces of Chile. 
Key to Species. 
Plants with fibrous roots. 
Plants cylindric. 
Ribs 18.1. C. cinerea 
Ribs 8 to 12.2. C. marginata 
Plants globose. 
Plants clustered, forming large mounds.3. C. coquimbana 
Plants not forming large mounds. 
Ribs 20 or 21.4. C. cinerascens 
Ribs 8 to 13.5. C. echinoid.es 
Plants with large fleshy roots.6. C. megarhiza 
