ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS. 
115 
Type locality: Zacatecas, Mexico. 
Distribution: Zacatecas and Aguas Calientes. 
Our description is drawn in part from a plant sent to the New York Botanical Gar¬ 
den by Mr. H. Donnerstein in 1908, which flowered in April 1921, and in part from speci¬ 
mens collected by W. E. Safford at Aguas Calientes, Mexico, in 1907 (No. 1359). 
Illustrations: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 103, as Echinocactus violaciflorus; Ann. Rep. 
Smiths. Inst. 1908: pi. 4, f. 5, as Echinocactus crispatus. 
Plate xxni, figure 5, shows the 
plant collected by William E. Saf¬ 
ford, February 21, 1907 (No. 1359), 
which flowered in Washington and 
was painted May 9, 1907. Figure 
121 is from a photograph of the 
same plant. 
13 . Echinofossulocactus obvallatus (De 
Candolle) Lawrence in Loudon, 
Card. Mag. 17: 317. 1841. 
Echinocactus obvallatus De Can¬ 
dolle, Prodr. 3: 462. 1828. 
Obovoid to globose, depressed at 
apex; ribs about 25, rather thin and 
undulate; spines about 8, 4 spines sub¬ 
ulate, ascending or spreading, 4 spines 
short, perhaps not one-fourth the length 
of the longer ones; flowers central, very 
large; perianth-segments linear-oblong. 
Type locality: Mexico. 
Distribution: Hidalgo, Mexico. 
This species is based on Mocino and Sesse’s illustration of Cactus obvallatus. We have 
been unable to refer here, with any degree of approximation, any Mexican material we have 
seen. Pfeiffer’s plate 22 (Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2:), originally referred here, must be quite 
distinct, for it has very differently shaped flowers, spines, and ribs. The Index Kewensis 
refers this illustration to Echinocactus lancifcr of which it seems to lie the type. 
Echinocactus obvallatus spinosior of Lemaire (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 30. 
1850) and also of Monville (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 20. 1845) as well as va¬ 
riety pluricostatus Monville (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 20. 1845) are all names 
without description. 
Echinocactus coptonogonus obvallatus Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 20. 1845), 
unpublished, doubtless belongs here. 
Illustrations: Cact. Journ. 2: 102; Diet. Gard. Nicholson 1: 500. f. 692; Forster, 
Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 535. f. 68; Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 172. f. 101; Watson, Cact. Cult. 
113. f. 41; Karsten and Schenck, Vegetationsbilder 2: pi. 19, a; Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. 
Paris 17: pi. 9, as Echinocactus obvallatus. 
Figure 122 is copied from the last illustration cited above. 
14 . Echinofossulocactus pentacanthus (Lemaire). 
Echinocactus pentacanthus Lemaire, Cact. Aliq. Nov. 27. 1838. 
Echinocactus biceras Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 370. 1848. 
Echinocactus anfractuosus pentacanthus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 31. 1830. 
Simple, depressed-globose to short-cylindric, more or less glaucous; ribs about 25, perhaps even 
40 to 50; areoles only a few to the rib; spines 5, unequal, grayish red, hardly angled, flattened; 
3 upper spines erect or spreading; 2 lower spines much slenderer and shorter than the upper; flowers 
large for this group, deep violet; perianth-segments with white margins. 
Fig. 121. — Echinofossulocactus violaciflorus. 
