FEROCACTUS. 
145 
Echinocactus longihamatus crassispinus Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 273. 1856. 
Echinocactus longihamatus brevispinus Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 274. 1856. 
Echinocactus flavispinus Meinshausen, Wochenshr. Gartn. Pflanz. 1: 28. 1858. 
Echinocactus haematochroanthus Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 532. 1880. 
Echinocactus hamatacanthus longihamatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 365. 1896. 
Echinocactus hamatacanthus brevispinus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 366. 1896. 
Echinocactus longihamatus sinuatus Weber in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 342. 1898. 
Solitary, globular to oblong, up to 60 cm. high; ribs usually 13, sometimes 17, strongly tubercled. 
2 to 3 cm. high; areoles large, 1 to 3 cm. apart; radial spines about 12, acicular, terete, 5 to 7 cm. 
long; central spines 4, elongated, angled, sometimes 15 cm. long, one of them hooked at apex; 
flowers large, 7 to 8 cm. long, yellow, in some forms said to be scarlet within; fruit oblong, 2 to 5 cm. 
long, fleshy, edible, dark brown to drab-colored (not red); seeds pitted. 
Type locality: Mexico. 
Distribution: Southern Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. 
This species develops elongated glands, 2 to 4 mm. long, in the areoles between the 
flower and the spines, as do some of the others; these at first are soft, but in age become 
hard and spine-like. The fruit of this species is unlike that of most other species of the 
genus : the skin is thin and the flesh juicy and edible. 
Echinocactus insignis Haage jr. (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 76. 1905), a name only, 
was referred by Schumann as a synonym of E. longihamatus. 
The following names (not described) 
are usually referred to this species or one of 
Figs. 153 and 153a.—Ferocactus uncinatus. 
its synonyms '.Echinocactus longihamatus sinuatus Weber (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 69. 
1902), Echinocactus longihamatus bicolor (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3; 140. 1893), E. longi¬ 
hamatus deflexispinus (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 69. 1902), E. longihamatus insignis 
(Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 69. 1902), and E. texensis treculianus (Forster, Handb. Cact. 
ed. 2. 504. 1885). 
Echinocactus deflexispinus Gruson (Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 343. 1898) was 
never described; it was considered by Schumann to be only a form of this species. 
Illustrations: Blanc, Cacti 47. No. 556; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Besehr. Cact. 2: pi. 16; 
Schelle, Handb. Kakteenk. 159. f. 88; Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pi. 9, f. 4; Forster, 
