Ill 



strong enough. If it gives a reaction with this, it is all right. 

 The solution must be freshly prepared, since it rapidly deteri- 

 orates, but the same solution can be used for many tests. If the 

 bitter C. tenuis and the mild C. mitis are placed side by side and 

 tested, the contrast between the two is brought out very viv- 

 idly. I have applied the reagent to the various specimens re- 

 ferred to C. Grayi and have obtained a negative result every 

 time." 



Dr. Evans' reference to C. Grayi is interesting, for it concerns 

 forms of cupped Cladoniae, which, to the naked eye and hand 

 lens appear much the same. In my papers, I used C. chlorophaea, 

 for the species, with the forms described by Dr. Evans in his 

 Connecticut Report. But in additional notes on the Connecti- 

 cut species, in Rhodora, as cited in my papers, Dr. Evans notes 

 that Dr. Sandstede makes some of these cupped forms C. 

 Grayi, basing them on material sent to him, from North Caro- 

 lina, by Rev. Fred. \V. Gray, of Philippi, West Va., for whom 

 Dr. Sandstede named the species. C. Grayi, according to Sand- 

 stede, is mild to the taste, and he names it as a separate 

 species for that reason but no morphological distinction is de- 

 scribed. Similar cupped Cladoniae, with brown apothecia when 

 fertile, in the Group Thallostelides, which are bitter, may pre- 

 sumably be left in C. chlorophaea, although I have not obtained 

 definite advice on that yet from Dr. Evans. C. Grayi may be 

 simple, outwardly resembling what I have called, following Dr. 

 Evans' report, C. chlorophaea, f. simplex, or with branches from 

 the rims bearing brown apothecia, like C. chlorophaea, f. carpo- 

 phora. 



I have obtained some of the paraphenylenediamine and am 

 trying it out, with surprising results, which will lead to a com- 

 plete re-test of all the Cladonia species and forms in my collec- 

 tions to see what happens to them under this new and powerful 

 reagent. On C. coniocraea, which gives a brown reaction, some- 

 times but slowly, with KOH, the yellow, orange red and brick 

 red colors appear, as Dr. Evans says. I got a brick red reaction 

 in C. verticillata, which gives no or only a slight brown reaction 

 with KOH, and the same happened with C. calycantha. C. san- 

 tensis, which reacts yellow with KOH, does the same with P — 

 (we will have to find a shorter name for it.) I tried some of the 

 cupped Cladoniae and in some got no reaction, and in others a 



