110 



several additional ones, and clearer definition of others, was 

 published by Dr. Evans, in Rhodora, the journal of the New 

 England Botanical Society, in the issue for July-August, 1932. 



As Dr. Evans points out, while his monograph and notes are 

 based on species collected in Connecticut, they are useful in the 

 determination of species from other regions. Dr. Evans has 

 kindly read the proof of this article and made many suggestions 

 for its improvement. 



We have also found useful, and a model for this preliminary 

 treatment of the Cladoniae of our range, a paper published in 

 the July, 1931, issue, of Rhodora, on "Cladoniae in the District 

 of Columbia and Vicinity," by C. A. Robbins and S. F. Blake, 

 with a key and illustrations. 



These two treatments of our eastern Cladoniae are the only 

 recent ones at present easily available, the only others being that 

 of Professor Edward Tuckerman, of Amherst College, our earli- 

 est American lichenist, in his "North American Lichens," pub- 

 lished in 1880, long out of print and rare; and in Prof. Bruce 

 Fink's "The Lichens of Minnesota," published in 1910, by the 

 Smithsonian Institution, also out of print and hard to obtain. 

 Prof. Fink also published a number of articles on species of 

 Cladonia in early numbers of the Bryologist, journal of the 

 Sullivant Moss Society, between 1903 and 1908, with excellent 

 illustrations, but gathered together all of his data on the genus 

 in the bulletin on the lichens of Minnesota, which is service- 

 able in many respects for the lichens of the eastern states as 

 well. Reference should also be made to Nina Marshall's "Mosses 

 and Lichens," (Doubleday ) with good illustrations but it too 

 is out of print. 



The nomenclature of the works of Tuckerman and Fink has 

 been superseded by modern reclassification in many cases, and 

 the new names for Cladoniae are found in the papers of Dr. 

 Evans and of Robbins & Blake. The scarcity of lichen guides in 

 English and the lack of anything of the sort for our club range, 

 other than Dr. Evans' treatment for Connecticut, has moved 

 the writer to offer this preliminary treatment of the Cladoniae 

 of our immediate region. 



Since this paper is offered for beginners, a brief account of 

 the morphology of lichens and of the genus Cladonia may be in 

 order. Vising as our authorities here Annie Lorain Smith's 



