117 



Podetia usually basally corticate, but with cortex discontinuous above, 

 especially below the apices. KOH — . (PI. 1, f. 7.) 8. C. Floerkeana. 



Podetia sometimes basally corticate, but above wholly decorticate and 

 farinose-sorediate. KOH — . (PI. 1, f. 6.) 9. C. bacillaris. 



KOH+ (yellow). (PI. 1, f. 10.) 10. C. macilenta. 



Podetia first covered with scattered or crowded squamules, or granules, 

 interspersed with fine soredia, both later disappearing, leaving the 

 medulla exposed. KOH -. (PI. 1, f. 8.) 11. C. didyma. 



These four species look much alike on casual observation and often grow to- 

 gether, but close examination with a lens, and application of potassium 

 hydroxide will bring out their distinctions. In height they run from J 

 inch or less to 1-2 inches C. Floerkeana is often stouter than the other 

 three, gives no reaction with KOH and the often dense cover of soredia 

 almost buries the small scarlet apothecia on the tips, so that they can be 

 seen only by looking down vertically upon the tops of a colony. C. bacil- 

 laris is usually more slender, taller, and often has quite conspicuous 

 apothecia, usually single and terminal, bulging beyond the diameter of 

 the podetium. Some podetia branch at the tips. C. macilenta is much like 

 bacillaris with apothecia often deeply covered by soredia, and occasion- 

 ally branching podetia, but is distinguished by the prompt yellow reac- 

 tion with KOH, lacking in C. bacillaris and Floerkeana. C. didyma might 

 be taken, at first sight to be a stunted form of one of the other three, but 

 the presence on young plants of podetial squamules or granules distin- 

 guishes it, and also, in favorable locations, a dense, even-topped habit 

 of its colonies, less scattered than the other three. 



b. Stramineo-flavidae Vainio. Primary squamules yellowish-green 

 above, white or yellowish beneath ; podetia yellowish -green. 

 Podetia cup-forming, sterile or fertile, (CaCl) KOH+, pale yellow. 

 Cortex persistent, not sorediate. 12. C. coccifera. 



Cortex disintegrating, usually sorediate. KOH — , j to 1 inch tall. 

 (PI. 1, f. 11.) 13. C. pleurota. 



Cortex continuous or rimose (chinky), lower part sometimes squamu- 

 lose, cortex often yellow-sorediose, margins of cups often irregu- 

 larly dentate or proliferate, podetia tallest of our red fruited 

 Cladoniae, sometimes 3 inches or more high. KOH — . (PI. 1, f.9.) 



14. C. deformis. 

 Podetia not cup-forming, always terminated by apothecia; cortex con- 

 tinuous, or areolately dispersed, or absent. KOH — . 

 Plants not sorediate; podetia variously branched in several different 

 forms — described in habitat notes — decorticate areas whitish, 

 arachnoid. (PI. 1, f. 5.) 15. C. cristatella. 



Plants more or less sorediate, sometimes densely so, podetia simple, 

 club shaped, decorticate areas naked; in large, well-fruited, dense 

 colonies apothecia tend to face one way, so that one sees a red 

 color looking at the plants one way, and a greenish yellow color 



