118 



when looking at them in reverse. Podetia often squamulose, 

 sometimes naked; in extremely squamulose forms the apothecia 

 are degenerate in size, or even wanting, and the podetia are 

 densely clad in small squamules. (PI. 1, f. 12.) 16. C. incrassata. 



Series B. Ochrophaeae. Vainio. Apothecia brown to flesh color. 



a. Unciales. (Del) Vainio. Primary thallus foliose, disappearing, seen 



only in young plants. Podetia not persistent at base, cylindrical or 



irregularly swollen, corticate (except in C. Boryi), never squamulose, 



becoming much branched and intertangled; cortex usually smooth 



and shining (except in C. Boryi), apices spinose, which distinguish 



the species in this group from the Cladinae, which they resemble in 



the massed habit, The Unciales further differ from the Cladinae in 



the conspicuous, smooth cortex (with the exception noted), the latter 



being rough surfaced. One to four inches high. 



Podetia smooth and firm on surface, yellowish gray to brownish green, 



with axillary or internodal perforations conspicuous in older 



plants, both sterile and fertile; cupless. (PI. 2, f. 1.) 17. C. uncialis. 



Podetia smooth, yellowish gray to pale yellowish green, occasionally 



with shallow cups, axillary perforations rare on sterile plants, 



found on fruiting plants; more diversely branching than last. (PI. 



2, f. 2.) 18. C. caroliniana. 



Podetia delicate in surface, tending to be decorticate, dull ashy gray, 



sometimes quite stout, up to 8 millimeters in diameter, older plants 



with reticulate or perforated surfaces and bearing large and distinct 



cribrose (latticed) cups; axillary perforations numerous. (PI. 2, 



f. 3.) 19. C. Boryi. 



b. Chasmariae (Ach). Floerke. Primary squamules persistent or disap- 



pearing, white beneath. Podetia usually persistent basally, cupless 

 or with open cups, not closed by a diaphragm, axils usually open. 

 Primary squamules large, with entire or sinuate margins, podetia ab- 

 sent, apothecia rare, sessile on the primary squamules. KOH -f- 

 faint yellow. 28. C. apodocarpa. 



Primary squamules largest of any species here described, with broad, 

 rounded lobes, with stout branching podetia, subulate-tipped, and 

 sterile, or bearing small cups, simple or proliferous, rather rarely 

 fruiting, faint yellow reaction with KOH. (PI. 3, f. 6.) 



29. C. turgida. 

 Primary squamules small to medium, with finely incised to crenate 

 marginal divisions. 

 Podetia reduced to short stalks bearing apothecia, or the apothecia 

 sessile on the primary squamules. KOH — . (PI. 3, f. 5.) 



26. C. caespiticia. 

 Podetia well developed. 



Podetia cup-forming, cups sometimes very small, in other forms 

 well developed and densely branching; cortex disintegrating. 

 KOH-.(Pl. 2,f. 5.) 24. C. squamosa. 



