119 



Allied to C. furcata, but distinctive in producing cups with 

 punctured or lacerate closing membrances, and pro- 

 liferations which sometimes bear cups. KOH — . 



22. C. multiformis. 



Primary squamules smaller than in last three species, podetia 

 bearing cups with no or very slight closing membrane, 

 or cupless. KOH-. (PI. 2, f. 7.) 23. C. crispata. 



Podetia not cup-forming. 



Plants very small, and delicate, on decaying wood; sorediate 



granulose, or granulose-squamulose, cortex dispersed or 



wanting, podetia short, simple or branched. KOH + yellow. 



(PI. 3, f. 1.) 25. C. delicata. 



Plants neither granulose nor sorediate, usually on earth. 



Podetia short-branched, cortex areolate, apices obtuse, axils 

 round-perforate. KOH+ yellow. (PI. 3, f. 2.) 



27. C. floridana. 



Podetia much-branched, branches often dichotomous, slender 



and elongated; cortex continuous or areolate; apices 



often subulate; axils irregularly gaping. KOH — . (PI. 2, 



f. 4.) 20. C. furcata. 



Like C. furcata, but sorediose. 21. C. scabriuscula. 



Clausae Vainio. Primary thallus persistent or disappearing; squam- 

 ules white or creamy beneath. Podetia usually basally persistent, 

 cupless, or with closed cups; axils closed. Podetia not intertangled, 

 but growing by themselves. This series includes many cupped forms 

 familiar even to the casual observer of lichens, known to children as 

 "Fairy Cups." 

 Podetia cup-forming. 



Plants neither sorediate nor granulose. 

 Cups regular. 



Cups deep, usually with short marginal proliferations, cortex 

 warty-areolate, with flat raised plates, or smooth. (PI. 

 4, f. 3.) 37. C. pyxidata. 



Cups shallow, 2 to 5 ranked, larger cups centrally proliferate, 

 smaller cups toward margins or marginal, cortex smooth. 

 (PI. 4, f. 2.) 35. C. verticillata. 



Cups as above, but with dense and rather large squamules on 

 lower and sometimes upper ranks. (PI. 4, f. 4.) 



36. C. calycantha. 

 Cups shallow, broad or narrow, in 1 to 4 ranks, proliferate from 

 the margins, cortex smooth. (PI. 4, f. 1.) 34. C. gracilis. 

 Plants sorediose or granulose. 



Cups irregular, shallow, one sided, with only one rank of pro- 

 liferations, usually fertile. (PI. 4, f. 7.) 39. C. nemoxyna. 

 Soredia farinaceous, squamules large with lobate margins, po- 

 detia subulate, or truncate, with small narrow cups. KOH + 

 brownish. (PI. 4, f, 6.) 40, C. coniocraea, 



