124 



usually brownish tips of the ultimate branches distinguish 

 it from the Cladinae, with which it is often intermixed. F. 

 dicraea (Ach.) Vainio with subulate apices is our commonest 

 form, and f. obtusata (Ach.) Nyl. with blunt apices, occurs. 

 Other forms, which this writer has not identified in our range, 

 are described by Dr. Evans. 



18. C. caroliniana (Schwein.) Tuck. (PL 2,f. 2.) Resembles 

 C. uncialis, and is found with it, especially in eastern Long 

 Island and the Pine Barrens, but is less yellowish or brownish, 

 is more densely branching, and the axils are closed, or almost 

 wholly so, while the axils of C. uncialis are often open. There 

 are also microscopic differences. When the two are seen to- 

 gether, in herbarium specimens or material identified in the 

 field by one who knows them, the distinctions are obvious 

 though not always easily described. F. dilatata, rather tall and 

 stout; f. fibrillosa, with fine hairs on the tips; and f. tenui- 

 ramea, a low growing, lax form, may be found on Long Island 

 and in south Jersey. 



19. C. Boryi Tuck. (PI. 2, f. 3.) A very striking Cladonia 

 when one comes to know it, often standing out in the midst of 

 a dense colony of C. milis, when its terminal, cribrose (lattice- 

 like) cups are well developed, and distinguished by its stout 

 podetia, sometimes 8 millimetres in thickness, and their ashy 

 gray, weathered look. It has the most conspicuous cups of any 

 of the Unciales. In pine woods on ground not recently burned 

 over in eastern Long Island, on Napeague Beach, Montauk 

 Point, and the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Apparently wanting in 

 the highlands. F. lacunosa and f. reticulata have been iden- 

 tified by Dr. Evans in material collected by this writer on eastern 

 Long Island. 



20. C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad. (PI. 2, f. 4.) A very varia- 

 ble species, fairly common throughout our area, in all sorts of 

 situations, wet and dry, low and high, from a few feet above tide- 

 water in eastern Long Island to 4,000 feet in the Catskills. Dis- 

 tinguishable by the loosely branching, often two-forked habit. 

 Common forms are var. racemosa (Hoffm.) Floerke, with 

 smooth dull or bright green podetia; var. pinnata (Floerke) 

 Vainio, f. foliolosa (Del) Vainio, with squamulose (often quite 

 large, dense squamules), podetia, and var. racemosa f. corym- 

 bosa, (Ach) Vainio, with green or sometimes olive-tinted po- 



