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detia, and occasionally with small brown apothecia. Other 

 forms, which may be looked for in our range, are described by 

 Dr. Evans, in the Cladoniae of Connecticut and additional notes 

 in Rhodora. This species is often taken by beginners to be one 

 of the Cladinae, but is distinct from members of that subgenus, 

 by its loose, sprawling, low spreading form of branching and 

 its generally greener color, in contrast to the ashen tints of the 

 Cladinae. Also, it often bears podetial squamules, which the 

 Cladinae never do. 



21. C. scabriuscula (Del.) Leight. (PI. 2, f. 6.) This species 

 resembles C. furcata, but is distinct in bearing soredia, which 

 disperse with age, leaving the podetia whitish : Found by this 

 writer in the Catskills, west branch Neversink Creek, at 2500 

 feet, but may occur elsewhere in our range. 



22. C. multiformis Merrill. Allied to C. furcata, but bear- 

 ing cups of peculiar, variable form, with the membranes punc- 

 tured or lacerate; sometimes with proliferations bearing cups 

 or branched. Not common. 



23. C. crispata (Ach.) Flot. (PI. 2, f. 7.) In C. crispata, f. 

 divulsa, recorded by Evans in Connecticut, there are cups 

 with no or very slight closing membrance. C. squamosa, f. 

 levicorticata may be mistaken for C. crispata, but the latter is 

 smooth, the former usually squamulose. F. divulsa may be 

 looked for in our range. F. elegans, which is often densely 

 squamulose, and cupless, occurs in eastern Long Island and 

 perhaps elsewhere in our range. 



24. C. squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. (PI. 2, f. 5.) An extremely 

 varied species, with simple and complex forms. Its variations 

 have led to the division of some forms into "modifications," 

 represented by the abbreviation "m." But if one is unable to 

 reduce a specimen into one of the forms and modifications given 

 by Dr. Evans and by Robbins and Blake, he may call it simply 

 "C. squamosa" and not be wrong, even if not precisely right. 

 Immature or weathered specimens may be irreducible beyond 

 the species. The commonest form in the sandy moraine hills in 

 eastern Long Island and in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, is f. 

 levicorticata, m. rigida, Sandst., ranging from simple, stiff 

 little cupped podetia, with rough cortex, to fantastically branch- 

 ing cups, with a maze of proliferations. F. denticollis (Hoffm.) 

 Floerke, and f. phyllocoma (Rabenh.) Vainio, or something 



