127 



carpa, with small brown apothecia in compact clusters on ter- 

 minal branches. 



31. C. clavulifera Vainio. (PI. 3, f. 7.) Not common, 

 but to be looked for with C. mitrula, brevis or strepsilis, found 

 by writer in eastern Long Island, Franklin Lake, N. J., and 

 in Pine Barrens, as f. nudicaulis Evans; and f. subvestita 

 Robbins, with squamulose podetia may be looked for in similar 

 situations. 



32. C. subcariosa Nyl., (PI. 3, f. 8.) In old fields, or open 

 woods, in sandy or clayey soil, widely scattered, numerous in 

 some localities, elsewhere wanting; often occurring with C. 

 strepsilis, brevis, mitrula and papillaris, in eastern Long Island ; 

 with C. pleurota and verticillata in Bear Mountain Park; usually 

 as f. evoluta Vainio, with smooth, stout, obconic podetia, or f. 

 squamulosa Robbins, with squamulose podetia, less common. 

 Forms not yet found by this writer, but possibly occurring in 

 our range are f. epiphylla Robbins, with apothecia sessile on 

 primary squamules, and f. pallida Robbins, with flesh colored 

 or whitish apothecia. C. subcariosa may be mistaken for some 

 of the other low, brown fruited species, but application of KOH 

 instantly determines it, with the immediate appearance of a 

 dirty yellow color, followed within 15-30 seconds by a perma- 

 nent brick red, the only Cladonia with this color reaction. 



33. C. brevis Sandst. (C. alpicola of Dr. Evans' Mono- 

 graph of the Cladoniae of Connecticut, but he prefers brevis 

 in his later Notes in Rhodora). (PI. 3, f. 9.) Very low, 1/4 to 

 1/2 inch with dark brown bulging apothecia, occasional in open 

 sandy woods in Suffolk Co. L. I., perhaps also in the Pine Bar- 

 rens. 



34. C. gracilis (L.) Willd. (PI. 4, f. 1.) Common north of 

 our range, in Adirondacks and New England, and occurring in 

 the higher Catskills. Examples seen by or sent to this writer are 

 var. dilatata (Hoffm.) Vainio with stout, usually smooth 

 podetia, but Dr. Evans reports in Connecticut, three forms of 

 this variety, f. anthocephala (Floerke) Vainio, with squamu- 

 lose podetia; f. dilacerata (Floerke) Vainio, with irregular 

 squamulose cups, and f. squamulosa (Schaer.) Sandst. squam- 

 ulose below, sterile; also f. chordalis, with slender, erect, 

 cylindrical podetia, all of which may be looked for in the 

 northern parts of our range, in the Catskills or Taconics. 



