128 



35. C. verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. (PI. 4, f. 2.) On the 

 earth, along banks and old fields and open woods, edges of wood- 

 roads, widely distributed but usually in small colonies. We 

 have f. evoluta (Th. Fr.) Stein., with smooth podetia, and cen- 

 tral proliferations only ; and f . apoticta (Ach.) Vainio, similar but 

 with proliferations also from the sides of the podetia. 



36. C. calycantha Vainio. (PI. 4, f. 4) much like C. verti- 

 cillata, but not quite as stout, and with dense, branching squa- 

 mules on the lower, first or second ranks of cups; along the 

 borders of streams and swamps in the Pine Barrens. 



37. C. pyxidata (L.) Fr. (PI. 4, f. 3.) As now limited to 

 forms with deep cups, with raised flat green areoles, separated 

 by whitish lines, or smooth; not sorediose, this species appears 

 to be scarce in our area. 



38. C. chlorophaea (Floerke) Spreng. (PI. 4, f. 5.) This is 

 C. pyxidata, f. chlorophaea, of Fink's "Lichens of Minnesota," 

 (for the benefit of those who possess that valuable work), and 

 of some older writers, but C. pyxidata is now restricted to the 

 forms described under No. 38. As described by Evans, and 

 Robbins and Blake, C. chlorophaea is one of the commonest 

 Cladoniae in our area, rivalling C. cristatella in that respect. 

 Some confusion has been introduced by the use of the name, C. 

 Grayi, by Sandstede, for this species or something like it, which 

 the German authority distinguishes by recording a mild taste, 

 and chemical difference, as against other closely related cup- 

 like forms. See Dr. Evans' Notes on the Cladoniae of Con- 

 necticut, Rhodora, August 1932, pages 159-160. After consulta- 

 tion with Dr. Evans, this writer has concluded to use C. chloro- 

 phaea, and ignore C. Grayi, for the present, as the former is 

 more convenient for students, especially for the several forms 

 which are clearly described in Evans' Monograph on the Cla- 

 doniae of Connecticut, Pages 465-472. Common forms in our 

 area are: f. simplex (Hoffm.) Arn., with 1-ranked esquamulose 

 sterile plants, with decorticate surfaces of cups smooth and 

 opaque; f. prolifera (Wallr.) Arn., like f. simplex, but with 

 cups marginally proliferous, usually into a second rank of 

 smaller cups; f. pterygota (Floerke) Vainio, sterile squamulose 

 plants; f. carpophora (Floerke) Anders, esquamulose plants, 

 with distinct cups bearing sessile or stipitate podetia, often with 

 proliferations larger than the cups and with conspicuous apo- 



