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the United States ? Characteristic trees of different 

 regions. Relation of water supply and forests. Control 

 of erosion by forests. The effect of extensive cutting 

 upon distribution of soil. Examples of excessive erosion 

 and excessive deposition of soil. 



2. Lumber camps : Sites chosen — reasons. Why winter is a 



good time for cutting and hauling. Transportation from 

 lumber camp. 



3. Saw mills : Situation ; power used for operation ; ways of 



preparing wood. 

 VI. Woods. Examine woodwork in the school room. Notice 

 the different grain found. What is the grain of wood ? 

 Why do pieces of wood differ so much in grain ? Ex- 

 amine small logs of different woods cut in cross, longitu- 

 dinal and radial sections. Growth of wood — meaning of 

 rings in the wood ; green layer under the bark; injury 

 caused by girdling trees. 

 It is not supposed that this outline can be carried out in all 

 schools, but it is believed that many valuable lessons can be given 

 along such lines of thought as are here suggested. The work as 

 it stands is very comprehensive and is intended to be distributed 

 throughout a course of nature study and geography. 



A large part of this has been in use in the Horace Mann School 

 in New York and has been found of great interest to the boys and 

 girls, and it is hoped that such study in the schools will lay the 

 foundation for an intelligent interest in the problems of forestry in 

 the United States, and thus aid in checking the destruction which 

 has already attained alarming proportions. 



A NEW HYGROMETER SUITABLE FOR TESTING 

 ACTION OF STOMATA 



By D. T. MacDo-ugal 



Light, temperature, electricity, mechanical shock, moisture of 

 the soil, salts in the soil, humidity of the air, winds, and pro- 

 longed darkness, exercise an influence upon the guard-cells of 

 stomata in such manner that the pore is closed or opened when 



