35; 



generally accepted Artocarpus incisa, which was not published 

 by the younger Linnaeus until 1781." 



The evidence is conclusively in favor of A. communis, although 

 the other name will undoubtedly persist in the literature for a 

 long time. Hillebrand, in his Flora of the Hawaiian Islands 

 (1888), uses A. incisa. 



There are many vernacular or native names for the breadfruit 

 in common usage in the various countries where this tree is 

 cultivated. At this point it is necessary to distinguish the two 

 great groups or classes within the species, namely, the seed-pro- 

 ducing or "wild" variety, and the seedless or cultivated variety. 

 The seedless variety, or varieties (for there are many variations) , 

 is propagated solely by root cuttings or offshoots, and never occurs 

 wild. All trees of this type are planted by human agency, 

 although they may subsequently be abandoned and revert to a 

 state of nature. These abandoned trees are not uncommon in 

 the Hawaiian Islands, near the sites of former villages, and are 

 often so closely associated with the true indigenous vegetation 

 as to be easily mistaken for naturalized plants. The seed-pro- 

 ducing variety, on the other hand, occurs spontaneously in many 

 island groups, although it was not known in primitive Hawaii. 



Attention will first be given to the seedless or cultivated form. 

 This is known to the Hawaiians as Ulu, and it is significant that 

 the same name is used by the Samoans, who are very closely 

 related to the Hawaiians, In Tahiti the breadfruit is called Uru 

 (the Polynesian I and r are interchangeable), and in Fiji, TJto. 

 The names used in the Philippines are Rima, Colo, and Kolo; 

 in Guam, Lemae, Lemai, Lemay, and Rima. The Spanish name, 

 commonly used in the West Indies and Latin countries, is Arhol 

 del pan. It may be pointed out that the name "breadfruit" is 

 also applied to a rubiaceous shrub of northern Australia, Gardenia 

 edulis, which bears a small, edible fruit. The "Hottentot Bread- 

 fruit" or "Kafir-Bread" of South Africa is the stem of En^ 

 cephalartos caffer, which furnishes a starchy substance resembling 

 sago. The "African Breadfruit" is a tree, Trecidia africana, 

 which has large round fruits containing numerous starchy seeds. 

 The seeds are ground into meal and eaten by the natives. 



