15 



time. Bruce, in his "Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile" 

 published in 1678, informs one that the Gallae were a wandering 

 African nation, who, during their journeys into Abyssinia, 

 traveled over vast deserts, and that the only food that they 

 carried consisted of coffee-berries, roasted and pulverized, mixed 

 with grease, rolled into balls, and carried in leathern bags. Each 

 ball — size of a billiard ball — would sustain an individual for a 

 day, when on a marauding incursion or in active warfare, better 

 than a loaf of bread or a meal of meat, because it cheered his 

 spirits in addition to feeding him." 



The microscopic structure of the cotyledon was shown by 

 lantern slides of sections with high and low power magnification, 

 and the use of such structures in determining adulteration was 

 discussed. The botanical identity of the various species of 

 coffee was shown by lantern slides — some in color. 



"The United States as a nation habitually consumes more 

 coffee than any other people. The United States takes almost 

 one-half of the total shipments entering international trade. 

 The average annual importation of nine and one half million bags 

 during the five years subsequent to the war was an increase in 

 quantity of over 40 percent in excess of the pre-war annual 

 average. During 1921-1925 the Department of Commerce, 

 Washington, ranked coffee as third in value of all the raw 

 products imported into the United States. Coffee was exceeded 

 only by raw" silk and sugar. 



"Of the various caffeine drinks, such as coffee, tea, chocolate 

 and cocoa, mate, cassena, coca-cola, guarana or Brazilian 

 chocolate, etc., coffee, with its delightful aroma, if for no other 

 quality, is the most satisfying of all because of the inseparable 

 associations between the human sense of taste and smell. De- 

 fibrinated and decaffeinated coffees and coffee substitutes 

 lack partially or entirely the aromatic qualities of coffee and 

 therefore they can not produce as pleasing an infusion as 100 per- 

 cent coffee. There is also a psychological value that coffee 

 brings about by means of its ability to cheer the spirits beyond 

 the reaction of any other common beverage. The alkaloid 

 caffeine is a mild brain and heart stimulant and gives relief 

 from fatigue and hunger. Such co-ordination of mind and body 

 must increase human efficiency. There are instances in which 

 coffee has caused ill-effects in regard to digestive, circulatory, 



