24 



by fire or cutting for at least twenty-five years. Because of the 

 proximity to the lake, the situation is a well drained one but is 

 somewhat lower and more moist than any of the other areas 

 studied. The tree species include not only the typical beech- 

 maple trees but also a great deal of Tsuga canadensis mostly 

 24-25 years old. Some Pinus strohus seedlings were observed 

 but these were not growing well. 



In addition to the studies made near Douglas Lake, a small 

 area about 100 X 650 m. located in the State Game Refuge in 

 Emmet County was observed (area 11). It is at the base of an 

 old dune and is completely surrounded by a coniferous forest. 

 The future development of this little area is promising for it 

 represents a comparatively recent invasion by the beech-maple 

 forest into a piney area. Spread from this nucleus is to be ex- 

 pected. 



Results 



As a result of tree counts and quadrat counting the following 

 table shows a comparison between the tree composition of the 

 virgin beech-maple forests of the region and that of the reforest- 

 ing areas studied. 



Tree Composition of the Beech-Maple Forest 





Percent in 



Per cent in 





typical beech- 



reforesting 





maple forest* 



areas studied 





Normal Species 





Acer rubrum 



3-7 



1-7 



Acer saccharum 



35-9 



67.3 



Betula lutea 



41 



9 



Fagus grandifolia 



21 .2 



6.8 



Fraxinus americana 



.8 



xt 



Ostrya virginiana 



1.4 



9 



Tilia glabra 



2. 1 



.6 



Tsuga americana 



14.6 



- ■ 7 



Ulmus americana 



2.9 



1-5 





86.7 



82.4 





Prominent l^elics 





Betula papyrifera 



1.4 



4.0 



Pinus strobus 



1-5 



0.0 



Quercus borealis 



0.7 



Xt 



90 . 3 86 . 4 



* Tree count from 18,000 trees. Data from K. (\ (iates. 

 t Found out of quadrat line, so not figuring in the calculation. 



