6 



Doctor MacDougal suggests that these prolongations of the 

 leaf-axes may possibly be considered as degenerate terminal leaf- 



lets. It is not easy to decide what they are historically or that 

 they are not useful now to the plants that bear them. 

 Rutgers College, November 27, 1901. 



A NEW TIMBER EOR RAILROAD TIES 



By II. H. RUSBY 



It is reported that the Pennsylvania Railroad Company has ar- 

 ranged for a great innovation, in the use of tropical timbers for 



