April I, 1916 369 



etc. A useful forfi«re plant, locally known as "slough grass" (a 

 name th.U u;o:e properly btlougs to Deckmannia cnicacformis). 

 This sedge wi 1 withstand three or four months submergence in 

 summer on bottom l.inds along the Columbia river wilhouL ap- 

 parent injury. May to August. 



Carex mirata Dewey. 4. Swale sedge. (C exsiccata.) In 

 swales and boggy ground, Oswego, Sauvie's island, etc. This 

 sedge is hrgelx used in iron foundiies, where it is twisted into a 

 sort of rope and wound around ir )n pipe cores to facilitate their 

 extraction from the pipe after being cast. May to August. 



Carex LANUGINOSA Michx. 4. Woolly sedge. Fairly com- 

 mon in moist ground, Swan island, Ross island. May to Aug. 



Cari X DF.CIDUA Roott. 4. Creek sedge. Stream banks, 

 Balch creek and in ravine.*:, St. Helens road. This species fre- 

 quently grows in creeks where it is sometimes submersed for a 

 month or more in spring and early summer. June to Aug. 



Carex aperta Boott. 4. Hay sedge. (Z?. bovina Howell.) 

 A slender, densely tufted plant, forming extensive meadows on 

 overflowed bottom lands in the valley of the Columbia and its 

 tributaries. Largely cut for hay, and regarded by farmers as the 

 best forage sedge. Common about Columbia slough, etc. June 

 to Aug. 



Carex sitchensis Pre.scott. 4. Black heads. Wet places, 

 East Portland, Car shops, Oak Grove, etc. Tall, stout evergreen 

 spccie.«, with noticeably dark purple to almost black spikes. 

 May to Aug. 



Carex Hendersoni Bailey. 4. Henderson's sedge. Broad 

 leaved species, in coniferous woods, Macleay Park, Laurelhurst 

 Paik, Willamette Heights, etc. June to August. 



Carex aurea Nutt. 4. Golden fruted sedge. Common in 

 upland swales and wet meadows, Oswego, Wood lawn, etc. This 

 species and its variety commonly occur with Spiraea Douglasii. 

 June, July. 



Carex AUREA celsa Bailey. 4. Tall golden sedge. Upland 

 swales aud wet meadows, Oswego, Laurelhurst Park, St. Johns, 



