380 Muhlenbergia, Volume 2 



POPULUS TREMULOIDES Miclix. Onakingasp. Infrequent 

 on liver bank below Linnton. ]\Iaicii, April. 



BETULACEAE Agardh. Birch Family. 

 Alnus [Tonrn.] Hill. Alder. 



Ai.NUS ORi'.GANA Nult. Oicgon alder. Conimon on moist 

 ground, Macleay Park, L. & C. fair gronnd.>^, car shops, Fulton, 

 etc. One of the latest of our native trees lo .shed il.s leaves in 

 autumn. The pistillate aments(cone.s) are not fully mature here 

 till December, and the seeds are usually shed in January, Febru- 

 ary and March. March, Apiil, 



Alnus TENuifolia Nutt. Mountain alder. Moist ground 

 and stream banks, Rocky Butte and near moulli of Sandy river. 

 April, May. 



CORYEUS [Tourn.] L. Hazelnut. 



CORYLUS CALiFORNiCA (A. DC) Rose. Western hazelnut. 

 Common on hillsides and open woods everywhere around Port- 

 land. February to April. 



FAGACEAE Drude. Beech Family. 

 QUERCUS [Tourn.] L. Oak. 

 QuERCUS Garryana Dougl. Western white oak. Open 

 glades and open fir woods, L. & C. fairgrounds, South Portland, 

 Fulton, Oregon City road, etc. The acorns were a staple arti- 

 cle of diet among the Indians before the advent of the white 

 man. They were gathered in autumn and sometimes roasted 

 and eaten while fresh, but the ustral method was to bury them 

 in sand for a time in order to free them from bitterness. When 

 exhumed they were roasted and found to be quite palatable even 

 to the Caucasian taste. On digging in the old fireplaces on the 

 site of the ancient Indian village below St. Johns, small quanti- 

 ties of these roasted acorns are still occasionally to be found in 

 the ashes where presumably the faithful klooch, with her nu- 

 merous other duties to attend to had forgotten them. April, May* " 



URTICACEAE Reichenb. Nettle Family. 

 Urtica [Tourn.] E. Nettle. 

 Urtica Lyaleii Wats. 4. Eyall's nettle. Alluvial thick 



