February 15, 1917 409 



mon in moist ground and waste places and gradually spreading, 

 not only in Portland hut in other parts of the state. The leaves 

 of this as well as other species of the genus are fragrant on dry- 

 ing, and the tips of the steins are collected and used to scent 

 bureaus, etc. This fragrance is due to the presence of Couiiia- 

 rin (C9H6O2), a proximate vegetable principle usually obtained 

 from the Tonquin bean, but present in vanilla leaf and other 

 plants. Any long continued inhaling of the odor is said to be 

 injurious, and the seeds and leaves are considered poisonous to 

 sheep. Naturalized from Europe. April to September. White. 

 Trifolium [Tourn.] L. Clover. 



Trifolium pratense L. 4. Red clover. Common in 

 fields, roadsides and waste places about the city. This clover, 

 the best of all the species for forage purposes, was first intro- 

 duced into Oregon at Oswego lake, seven miles south of Port- 

 land, in Apiil, 1854, by Charles W. Bryant, a native of New 

 York and pioneer of 1853. Naturalized from Europe. April to 

 October. Purplish-red. 



Trifolium eriocephai.um Nutt. 4. Woollyhead clover. 

 Open grassy places at head of Barnes road. May to July. Yel- 

 lowish or white. 



Trifolium REPENS L. 4. White clover. Common infields, 

 roadsides and waste places about the city. Introduced from Eu- 

 rope. April to November. White or pinkish. 



Trifolium hybridum L. 4. Alsike clover. Not uncom- 

 mon in fields and waste places, L. & C. fair ground.s, Mt. Tabor, 

 etc. Introduced from Europe. Apiil to October. Pink to nearly 

 white. 



X Trifolium arvense L. i. Rabbit foot clover. Infre- 

 quent on roadsides and waste places, Willamette Heights, 

 Blythesvv'ood, etc. Naturalized from Europe, but native of Ara- 

 bia^ May to September. Pink, purplish or whitish. 



X Trifolium maritimum Huds. i. Salt marsh clover. In- 

 frequent on ballast grounds and waste places, Lower Albina, etc. 

 Native of marshes in Great Britain and Ireland. Adventive 

 from Europe. May to September. Pale purple. 



