43 



elm and Latin Ulmus. Furthermore, the pine and the palm are 

 called giubhas and pailm, respectively, in the Irish language. 

 In Italy, the native elm {Ulmus montana) bears a number of 

 vernacular names of which ulem is the most significant. The 

 range of this tree seems to coincide with or somewhat exceed the 

 limits of the old Celtic dominions. 



COMPARISON OF ALPHABETS AND VERNACULAR NAMES 



LETTERS 



GAELIC (IRISH) 



ENGLISH 



ANGLO-SAXON 



RUNES 



OLD NORSE 



SWEDISH 



LATIN 



A 



A 



AMm 



Elm 



Elm 





Almr 



Aim 



Ulmus 





B 



to 



Beith 



Birch 



Beorc 



^ 



Biork 



BjOrk 



Betula 





C 



c 



Coll 



Hazel 



Haesel 



X 



HastI 



Massel 



CoryluS 





D 



X) 



lOa.r 

 iDarrach 



Oak 



Ac 





Cik 



Ek 



Quercus 





e: 



e 



Eladha 



Aspen 



Aesp 





Osp 



Asp 



Populua 





F 



r 



ffearn 

 iFearnog 



Alder 



Air 





Alri 



Al 



AInus 









5 



Gort 



Ivy 



lf,q 





Berqfletter 



Murqrona 



Medera 





H 



\\ 



Uath 



Mdw thorn 



Haqu thorn 





Haqthorn 



Haqtorn 



Cratacqu:) 





1 



1 



(loda 

 leo 



Yew 



IRowan 

 IQuicKen-tree 



flw 





Yr 



(Id 

 lld-qran 



TaAus 





L 



t 



Lui5 



Cuic treow 





Reyn,r 



Ronn 



Sorbus aucupar 



a 



M 



xx\ 



Muin 



Vine 



Winbeam 





VincTrae 



Vinranka 



ViTiS 





N 



■n 



Nuin 



Ash 



Aesc 





Askr 



Ask 



Fra»inu3 













Oir 



Spindle-tree 













5pindelTrdd 



ELuonymuS 





P 



T> 



PeiTh-boq 



— 



— 





— 



— 



— 





R 



nr 



Ruis 



Elder 



fHylder 

 lEI len 





Hyll 



[Flader 

 iHyil 



Sambucus 





3 



Sx 



fSail 

 Suil 

 Seiiach 



.'Sallow 

 Iwillow 



pealh 

 Iwehq 





Seija 



fSalq 

 IVide 



Sahx 





T 



r 



.Teine 



JFire 

 IFurze 



Fyrs 









Gul-TOrne 



UieA 





U 



■tt 



Ur 











Yr 



Id-qran 



Ta^us 





Of the plant names beginning with the initial letter, Abhal, the 

 apple tree, is very striking. In Sweden, the word Apel is used 

 in the various provinces by the peasantry to denote the apple 

 tree, the word dppletrdd being confined mostly to the books. 



The most striking word perhaps in modern Irish, if we may 

 be allowed to digress a little, is one of the words for the Deity, 

 Aos or Aosar. In Scandinavian, this very word As (Aos) and 

 asar (aosar) is still applied to the first God of the old Norsemen 

 and his associates, i. e., to Odin, Thor, Frey, etc., the mytho- 

 logical first kings of Sweden. Is this word of Celtic origin, or 



