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readily on all unoccupied lands. Occasionally, where the de- 

 stroying ax of the lumberman did not do its deadly work before 

 Mr. Letchworth acquired possession of the land, large specimens 

 of this tree are to be found. The next conifer in point of fre- 

 quency is also a pine {Pinus resinosa), the Canadian, Norway, or 

 red pine. This also has attained a great size in places, especially 

 along the path which skirts the north shore of the river on the 

 way to the lower fall. The red cedar [Jiiniperus virginiand) 

 occurs sparingly. The hemlock {Tsuga canadensis] is also quite 

 common, vying in frequency with the Canadian pine. The tulip- 

 tree {Liriodcndron Tnlipifcra) is quite conspicuous in places with 

 its shaft-like columnar trunks, and the American beech {Fagus 

 grandifolia) added a touch of gray to the forest. The American 

 elm {Ulnius aniericand), the chestnut [Castanca dcniata), and the 

 American linden or basswood {Tilia americand), are of frequent 

 occurrence. The dreaded chestnut disease, which is causing 

 such havoc to these trees in the vicinity of New York City, does 

 not appear as yet to have reached this neighborhood. A single 

 tree of the white basswood {Tilia hcterophylla) was observed on 

 the brink of the precipice, not far from the house. The paper 

 or canoe birch [Betula popyrifcrd) and the yellow birch {Bet?da 

 liiUa) are occasionally met with. The American hornbeam 

 [Carpifius caroliniand) is not as common as the hop-hornbeam 

 {Ostrya virginiand). The common wild black cherry {Padus 

 scrotina), with its rough checkered bark, is not uncommon. 

 Among the hickories the small-fruited hickory [Hicoria inicro- 

 carpd) is much more frequent than the shag-bark {Hicoria ovata). 

 The ashes yield but one species, so far as observed, that was 

 common, and this was the white ash {Fraxinns anto'icana). A 

 second species with a tall straight trunk was observed, but the 

 foliage was borne so high in the air that it was not possible to 

 make a satisfactory determination of it. From leaflets picked up 

 on the ground I am strongly inclined to think it is the green ash 

 {Fraxinns lanceolata). Its bark was very coarse and deeply fur- 

 rowed. The maples yielded the sugar maple {Acer Saccliariini) in 

 abundance, and the red maple {Acer rnbrnni) more sparingly. 

 Of the black sugar maple {Acer nigruni) only a few specimens 



