25 



Two measures are advocated in answer to the fifth question. 

 " First, the granting of water powers forever, either on non-navi- 

 gable or navigable streams, must absolutely stop. It is perfectly 

 clear that one hundred, fifty, or even twenty-five years ago our 

 present industrial conditions and industrial needs were completely 

 beyond the imagination of the wisest of our proceedings. It is 

 just as true that we cannot imagine or foresee the industrial con- 

 ditions and needs of the future." Water powers " must and 

 should be developed mainly by private capital, and they must be 

 developed under conditions which make investment in them profit- 

 able and safe. But neither profit nor safety require perpetual 

 rights." 



Second, " the men to whom the people grant the right to use 

 water power should pay for what they get." 



To the sixth Mr. Pinchot answers by showing that the power 

 to be gained from navigable streams differs only in that it is 

 secured from a larger volume of water dropping a shorter dis- 

 tance, and that since "every stream is a unit from its source to 

 its mouth it is just as essential that the people should " retain and 

 exercise control of water power monopoly on navigable as on 

 non-navigable streams." 



These answers show that Mr. Pinchot advocates a policy 

 "thoroughly democratic in its essence and tendencies," and em- 

 phasizes his feeling that the people have the right and the duty, 

 the duty no less than the right, to protect themselves against the 

 uncontrolled monopoly of the sources which yield the necessaries 

 of life. 



NEWS ITEMS 



At the University of Maine, Professor H, G. Bell, of the Iowa 

 State College, has been elected professor of agronomy. 



Following the resignation of Professor Henry S. Graves, Pro- 

 fessor J. W. Toumey has been appointed acting director of the 

 Yale Forestry School. 



Mr. Darius Ogden Mills, of New York City, died recently in 

 California ; among his public bequests is a gift of fifty thousand 

 dollars to the New York Botanical Garden. 



