60 



About half of these are typical southern Appalachian species. 

 The remainder range farther north. 



Some small ravines or steep coves are so filled with deep rich 

 humus or coUuvial soil that no water appears above ground in 

 them in ordinary weather. Such places have a decidedly climax 

 vegetation, comprising the following species : 



Trees 

 Tilia americana 

 Halesia Carolina 

 Castanea dentata 

 Robinia Pseudo- Acacia 

 Aesculus octandra 

 Cornus florida 

 Tsuga canadensis 

 Acer rubrum 

 Liriodendron Tulipifera 

 Nyssa sylvatica 

 Hicoria alba 

 Fagus grandifolia 



Shrubs 

 Calycanthus fertilis 



Herbs 



Eupatoriuin ageratoides 

 Cimicifuga racemosa 

 Dryopteris noveboracensis 

 Phegopteris hexagonoptera 

 Astilbe biternata* 

 Caulophyllum thalictroides 

 Osmunda Claytoniana 

 Sanguinaria canadensis 

 Adiantum pedatum 

 Dioscorea villosa 

 Disporum sp. 

 Phryma Leptostachya 

 Circaea lutetiana 

 Meibomia nudiflora 

 Eupatoriura trifoliatum ? 

 Arisaema Iriphyllum 

 Lappula virginiana 

 Scutellaria sp. 

 Koellia montana 

 Agrimonia sp. 

 Cynoglossum virginianum 

 Falcata comosa 

 Aster divaricatus ? 

 Adicea pumila 

 Cypripedium parviflorum? 

 Collinsonia canadensis 

 Cypripedium acaule 

 Osmunda cinnamomea 

 Dryopteris intermedia? 

 Trillium undulatum? 

 Botrychium virginianum 

 Thalictrum dioicum ? 

 Geranium maculatum 

 Aristolochia Serpentaria 

 Campanula americana 

 Urticastrum divaricatum 



In this list there is only one evergreen, and that is not abun- 

 dant. The scarcity of shrubs is rather surprising, but perhaps 

 not very significant. Plants with biternate, pinnately compound, 

 or otherwise much dissected leaves are numerous. {Cimicifuga, 

 Astilbe, Caulophyllum, Thalictrum, and the seven ferns are good 



* See Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 42 : 37-38. 1842. 



