219 



ably because the mountains are composed of essentially homo- 

 geneous rocks, without well-defined stratification, faults, etc. 



In most parts of eastern North America ravines contain vege- 

 tation approaching the climax type, but here succession has not 

 progressed very far, as shown by the large proportion of ever- 

 greens, etc. The vegetation of these mountain ravines bears 

 about the same relation to that of the adjacent pine-covered 

 slopes as that of branch-swamps in the wire-grass country of 

 Georgia does to the surrounding pine-barrens,* and there are 

 quite a number of species common to the corresponding habitats 

 in the two otherwise very dissimilar regions. Analogous rela- 

 tions also exist between the dry mixed forests and the banks of 

 streams on the Cumberland Plateau (Lookout Mountain, Sand 

 Mountain, etc.) of Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee, where suc- 

 cession has progressed a little farther, and the long-leaf pine has 

 long ago disappeared, if it ever grew so far inland. 



The following species (arranged in approximate order of abun- 

 dance, etc.) were seen in mountain ravines in both states, in the 

 week under consideration. 



Trees: Acer ruhrum, Magnolia glauca, Liriodendron, Ilex 

 opaca, Persea pubescens, Oxydendron, Pinus Taeda. 



Shrubs and woody vines: Alnus riigosa, Kalmia latifolia, 

 Smilax laurifolia, Decumaria barbara, Myrica carolinensis , Sym- 

 plocos tinctoria, Azalea nudiflora. (Just about half the woody 

 plants are evergreen.) 



Herbs: Osmunda cinnamomea, 0. regalis, Lorinseria areolata, 

 Galax aphylla, Car ex crinita. 



In addition, Fagus, Xolisma ligustrina, Viburnum nudum, and 

 Dryopteris Noveboracensis were noted in several such places in 

 Alabama, and might have been seen in Georgia as well if I had 

 examined as many ravines as I did in Alabama on this trip. 

 Several species which were seen less frequently will be mentioned 

 below. 



Quite a number of other pioneer bog plants were found on 

 June 9 in a moist meadow about half a mile east of Woodbury, 

 Georgia, the same place where I had made some interesting 



*See Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 17: 62. 1906. 



