92 



trefoil (Desmodium) have been recorded, and 13 species and 2 

 hybrids of Rubus. Rohinia viscosa occurs in numerous localities 

 as though native; Ruhacer odoratus is abundant; and Crataegus 

 uniflora quite common. Of the 11 species of willow recorded, at 

 least 5 are native and the rest so widely naturalized as to appear 

 indigenous. 



The wide occurrence of the yam-root {Dioscorea villosa) in 

 the region comes as rather of a surprise, as does also the abun- 

 dance of the sweet-gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and oi Achillea 

 asplenifolia. Other interesting natives are Celtis crassifolia, 

 Asarum reflexum, Trios teum aurantiacum and T. angustifolium, 

 Menispermum canadense, and Corydalis flavula. Nine kinds of 

 Ranunculus, 6 of Rosa, 5 of Lespedeza, 4 of Xanthoxalis, 8 of 

 Asclepias, 4 of Cuscuta, 4 of Scutellaria, 5 of Physalis, 5 of 

 Veronica, 7 of Galium, 6 of Viburnum, 7 of Eupatorium, 5 of 

 Senecio, 15 of Solidago, and 7 of Scirpus occur in the neighbor- 

 hood of Watchung. The largest genus, however, in this area is 

 Carex with 85 recorded species. The lichen Cladonia has 32 

 forms in the area, Panicum coming next with 25, and Aster 

 taking fourth place with 24. Of ferns and fern-allies there are 32, 

 of grasses 97, of sedges 113, and of composites 132 species and 

 named varieties. Culver's-root (Veronicastrum virginicum), 

 milk-purslane (Chamaesyce maculata) , and two species of yellow 

 false-foxglove (Aureolaria) are abundant in many localities, 

 and turtle-head (Chelone glabra), monkey-flower (Mimulus 

 ringens), and 3 species of forget-me-not (Myosotis) may be found 

 in wet places. Ditch-stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides), green- 

 milkweed (A cerates viridiflora) , white baneberry (Actaea pachy- 

 poda), entchanters'-nightshade (Circaea latifolia), and 4 species 

 of loosestrife are abundant. Azalea prinophylla occurs sparingly, 

 as do also Cirsium muticum and Pedicularis lanceolata. Other 

 rarities are Chamaelirium luteum, Melanthium latifolium and 

 M. virginicum, the large-flowered wake-robin (Trillium grandi- 

 florum), Indian cucumber-root (Medeola virginiana), and car- 

 rion-flower (Nemexia herbacea). Along watercourses are to be 

 found Heteranthera reniformis. Zoster ella dubia, Ceratophyllum 

 demersum, Utricularia gibba, lizard 's-tail (Saururus cernuus), 

 spatterdock (Nuphar advena), 2 species of pondweed {Pota- 

 mogeton pusillus and P. diver sifolius), 2 of bur-reed (Sparganium 

 androcladum and S. eurocarpum), the common arrowhead {Sagit- 



